{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T06:56:45Z","timestamp":1794293805684,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AHA CDA941290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHA CDA941290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, the National Institute on Aging","award":["RF1AG072295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG072295"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049v75w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, the National Institute on Aging","award":["R01AG055395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG055395"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049v75w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, the National Institute on Aging","award":["R01AG068295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG068295"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049v75w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, the National Institute on Aging","award":["R01AG070915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG070915"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049v75w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, the National Institute on Aging","award":["K01AG073614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AG073614"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049v75w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, the National Institute on Aging","award":["K01AG073613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AG073613"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049v75w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, the National Institute on Aging","award":["R03AG070479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AG070479"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049v75w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS100782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS100782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["R01CA255840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA255840"]}]},{"name":"Presbyterian Health Foundation, the Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center","award":["P30AG050911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG050911"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01nbasn20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["TKP2021-NKTA-47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-NKTA-47"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vhmm238","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary","award":["135784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["135784"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["OTKA K-134555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA K-134555"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g2am276","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["OTKA FK-146334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA FK-146334"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g2am276","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00011"]}]},{"name":"Thematic Excellence Program 2021 Health sub-program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary","award":["EGA-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EGA-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ey3ab96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012550","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ADVANCED_24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ADVANCED_24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012550","name":"National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EK\u00d6P-2024-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EK\u00d6P-2024-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intact regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is essential for preserving cognitive function and reducing the risk of cerebrovascular events, particularly in the aging population. Autoregulation of CBF is one of the fundamental mechanisms that ensure constant supply for brain tissue by maintaining relatively stable perfusion despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure. It also acts as a critical protective mechanism, shielding the fragile cerebral microcirculation from potentially harmful pressure fluctuations and hence excessive pulsatility. The loss or attenuation of this protective mechanism with aging or disease increases the vulnerability of the microvasculature to structural damage, blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and the development of cerebral small vessel disease. This mini-review summarizes current understanding of how aging affects cerebral autoregulation, highlighting underlying mechanisms, clinical consequences, and potential strategies to preserve cerebrovascular health in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15111669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T07:31:58Z","timestamp":1761550318000},"page":"1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Age-Related Alterations of Cerebral Autoregulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Ungvari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"K\u00e1llai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Health Sciences Division, Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levente","family":"Stankovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1439-6627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Lendvai-Emmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9958-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafal","family":"Gulej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104-3609, USA"},{"name":"International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College-Health Sciences Division\/Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"HUN-REN-SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research Group, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Patai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104-3609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boglarka","family":"Csik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Health Sciences Division, Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8632-2120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nika","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7608-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Lipecz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Cs\u00edp\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Beny\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"HUN-REN-SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research Group, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Csiszar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104-3609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104-3609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1959.39.2.183","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man","volume":"39","author":"Lassen","year":"1959","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.04.002","article-title":"Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation and Dysautoregulation","volume":"34","author":"Armstead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00022.2020","article-title":"Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: Physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation","volume":"101","author":"Claassen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01511-z","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in aging and neurodegeneration","volume":"27","author":"Knox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00352.x","article-title":"Vascular basis for brain degeneration: Faltering controls and risk factors for dementia","volume":"68","author":"Kalaria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231219568","article-title":"Cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity and dynamic cerebral autoregulation through the eighth decade of life and their implications for cognitive decline","volume":"44","author":"Weijs","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.025825","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion and stroke","volume":"75","author":"Markus","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231210430","article-title":"Static autoregulation in humans","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231153750","article-title":"Daily rhythm of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in patients after stroke","volume":"43","author":"Abadjiev","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221142527","article-title":"Directional sensitivity of dynamic cerebral autoregulation during spontaneous fluctuations in arterial blood pressure at rest","volume":"43","author":"Panerai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231173449","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Heutz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00581.2016","article-title":"Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: Mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging","volume":"312","author":"Toth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5095","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.259747","article-title":"The role of myogenic mechanisms in human cerebrovascular regulation","volume":"591","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.4.793","article-title":"Comparison of flow and velocity during dynamic autoregulation testing in humans","volume":"25","author":"Newell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2016.08.002","article-title":"Calcium Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle","volume":"78","author":"Ghosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.2.387","article-title":"Signaling mechanisms underlying the vascular myogenic response","volume":"79","author":"Davis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4160(86)90038-2","article-title":"Intracellular calcium and smooth muscle contraction","volume":"7","author":"Sommerville","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04855.x","article-title":"Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, vascular tone and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow","volume":"35","author":"Brayden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15621069","article-title":"Rho kinase activity governs arteriolar myogenic depolarization","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Shi, J., and Tong, X. (2021). Cross-Talk between Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and Calcium Regulatory Proteins in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168782"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-14","article-title":"Why is the neural control of cerebral autoregulation so controversial?","volume":"6","author":"Ainslie","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/1089253207311159","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation: The role of CO2 in metabolic homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Murkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02584250","article-title":"The role of adenosine in autoregulation of cerebral blood flow","volume":"13","author":"Winn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051058","article-title":"The role of endothelin-1 in pressure autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in rats","volume":"25","author":"Mascia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91408-K","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in the regulation of cerebral blood flow","volume":"610","author":"Buchanan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"H418","article-title":"Cerebral arteriolar dilation to hypoxia: Role of prostanoids","volume":"272","author":"Leffler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.03.010","article-title":"Hypertension and cerebrovascular dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Iadecola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16029","article-title":"Arterial Remodeling of the Intracranial Arteries in Patients With Hypertension and Controls: A Postmortem Study","volume":"77","author":"Mackaaij","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1698","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00377.2013","article-title":"Role of 20-HETE, TRPC channels, and BKCa in dysregulation of pressure-induced Ca2+ signaling and myogenic constriction of cerebral arteries in aged hypertensive mice","volume":"305","author":"Toth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00966-4","article-title":"How cognitive performance changes according to the ankle-brachial index score in an elderly cohort? Results from the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing","volume":"46","author":"Bareiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01127-x","article-title":"Longitudinal aortic strain, ventriculo-arterial coupling and fatty acid oxidation: Novel insights into human cardiovascular aging","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5711","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01189-x","article-title":"Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity score, an estimator of cognitive performance in the elderly: Results from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging","volume":"46","author":"Bareiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H689","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00592.2023","article-title":"Impact of arterial stiffness on cerebrovascular function: A review of evidence from humans and preclincal models","volume":"326","author":"Reeve","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.08.017","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation and ageing","volume":"12","author":"Yam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.13","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation: An overview of current concepts and methodology with special focus on the elderly","volume":"28","author":"Claassen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14234","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in normal aging adults: Cardiovascular determinants, clinical implications, and aerobic fitness","volume":"144","author":"Tarumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231153741","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular resistance across the adult lifespan: A multimodality approach","volume":"43","author":"Tomoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90454-6","article-title":"The influence of aging and hypertension on cerebral autoregulation","volume":"214","author":"Hoffman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5587","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01254-5","article-title":"The association of structural versus load-dependent large artery stiffness mechanisms with cerebrovascular damage and cortical atrophy in humans","volume":"46","author":"Armstrong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231214102","article-title":"Neurovascular coupling in early stage dementia - A case-control study","volume":"44","author":"Drenth","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241270452","article-title":"Neurovascular coupling methods in healthy individuals using transcranial doppler ultrasonography: A systematic review and consensus agreement","volume":"44","author":"Ball","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o, C.F., Ledo, A., Caetano, M., Barbosa, R.M., and Laranjinha, J. (2018). Age-Dependent Impairment of Neurovascular and Neurometabolic Coupling in the Hippocampus. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00913"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.18085","article-title":"Hypertension, Neurovascular Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment","volume":"80","author":"Santisteban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2499-y","article-title":"Ageing hallmarks exhibit organ-specific temporal signatures","volume":"583","author":"Schaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.033","article-title":"Hallmarks of health","volume":"184","author":"Kroemer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe","volume":"186","author":"Blasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tartiere, A.G., Freije, J.M.P., and Lopez-Otin, C. (2024). The hallmarks of aging as a conceptual framework for health and longevity research. Front. Aging, 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2024.1334261"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01086-3","article-title":"Epigenetic clock in the aorta and age-related endothelial dysfunction in mice","volume":"46","author":"Pospiech","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01091-6","article-title":"Functional deterioration of vascular mitochondrial and glycolytic capacity in the aortic rings of aged mice","volume":"46","author":"Karas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00697-y","article-title":"Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammaging in older adults and blood pressure variability","volume":"45","author":"Bencivenga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00927-x","article-title":"Vascular senescence and leak are features of the early breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models","volume":"45","author":"Ting","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01467-8","article-title":"Centenarians-the way to healthy vascular ageing and longevity: A review from VascAgeNet","volume":"47","author":"Summer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01139-7","article-title":"Atherosclerotic burden and cerebral small vessel disease: Exploring the link through microvascular aging and cerebral microhemorrhages","volume":"46","author":"Csiszar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01563-3","article-title":"The senolytic ABT-263 improves cognitive functions in middle-aged male, but not female, atherosclerotic LDLr(-\/-);hApoB(100)(+\/+) mice","volume":"47","author":"Lambert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01474-9","article-title":"Biomarkers of cellular senescence and major health outcomes in older adults","volume":"47","author":"Cummings","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-01024-9","article-title":"Preventing spontaneous cerebral microhemorrhages in aging mice: A novel approach targeting cellular senescence with ABT263\/navitoclax","volume":"46","author":"Faakye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70048","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70048","article-title":"Senescent Endothelial Cells in Cerebral Microcirculation Are Key Drivers of Age-Related Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Microvascular Rarefaction, and Neurovascular Coupling Impairment in Mice","volume":"24","author":"Csik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00165-5","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes neurovascular rejuvenation in aged mice: Transcriptional footprint of SIRT1 activation, mitochondrial protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects","volume":"42","author":"Kiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46030130","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases","volume":"46","author":"Bartman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100685","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in age-related inflammatory activation of endothelium","volume":"6","author":"Zinovkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvagno, M., Sterchele, E.D., Zaccarelli, M., Mrakic-Sposta, S., Welsby, I.J., Balestra, C., and Taccone, F.S. (2024). Oxidative Stress and Cerebral Vascular Tone: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25053007"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grossini, E., Venkatesan, S., and Ola Pour, M.M. (2025). Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Endothelial Cells: A Key Driver of Organ Disorders and Aging. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040372"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2023.01.007","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidative stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells: Triggering blood-brain barrier disruption","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2303516","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303516","article-title":"Impaired Neurovascular Coupling and Increased Functional Connectivity in the Frontal Cortex Predict Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Mukli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01634-5","article-title":"Aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cerebral microhemorrhages: A preclinical evaluation of SS-31 (elamipretide) and development of a high-throughput machine learning-driven imaging pipeline for cerebromicrovascular protection therapeutic screening","volume":"47","author":"Patai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5056","article-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Myogenic Constriction of Cerebral Arteries: Role of Mitochondria-Derived H2O2 and TRPV4-Dependent Activation of BKca Channels","volume":"35","author":"Szarka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03137-x","article-title":"Age-related cerebral small vessel disease and inflammaging","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Cuore, A., Pacinella, G., Riolo, R., and Tuttolomondo, A. (2022). The Role of Immunosenescence in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137136"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bickel, M.A., Csik, B., Gulej, R., Ungvari, A., Nyul-Toth, A., and Conley, S.M. (2023). Cell non-autonomous regulation of cerebrovascular aging processes by the somatotropic axis. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1087053"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12583","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor 1 deficiency exacerbates hypertension-induced cerebral microhemorrhages in mice, mimicking the aging phenotype","volume":"16","author":"Tarantini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.156","article-title":"IGF-1 deficiency impairs cerebral myogenic autoregulation in hypertensive mice","volume":"34","author":"Toth","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonntag, W.E., Deak, F., Ashpole, N., Toth, P., Csiszar, A., Freeman, W., and Ungvari, Z. (2013). Insulin-like growth factor-1 in CNS and cerebrovascular aging. Front. Aging Neurosci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00027"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12840","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12840","article-title":"Endothelial deficiency of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor leads to blood-brain barrier disruption and accelerated endothelial senescence in mice, mimicking aspects of the brain aging phenotype","volume":"31","author":"Gulej","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01343-5","article-title":"The vasoprotective role of IGF-1 signaling in the cerebral microcirculation: Prevention of cerebral microhemorrhages in aging","volume":"47","author":"Stankovics","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01090-7","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cell-specific Igf1r deficiency exacerbates the development of hypertension-induced cerebral microhemorrhages and gait defects","volume":"46","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01154-8","article-title":"Young blood-mediated cerebromicrovascular rejuvenation through heterochronic parabiosis: Enhancing blood-brain barrier integrity and capillarization in the aged mouse brain","volume":"46","author":"Gulej","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00623-2","article-title":"Age-related decline in circulating IGF-1 associates with impaired neurovascular coupling responses in older adults","volume":"44","author":"Toth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01194-0","article-title":"Linking peripheral atherosclerosis to blood-brain barrier disruption: Elucidating its role as a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease in vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"46","author":"Patai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.12779\/dnd.2018.17.3.73","article-title":"Characteristics of Cerebral Microbleeds","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dement. Neurocogn Disord."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003477","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003477","article-title":"Cerebral Microbleeds, Vascular Risk Factors, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers: The Northern Manhattan Study","volume":"5","author":"Caunca","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caunca, M.R., De Leon-Benedetti, A., Latour, L., Leigh, R., and Wright, C.B. (2019). Neuroimaging of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Age-Related Cognitive Changes. Front. Aging Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00145"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.08.034","article-title":"Cerebral microbleeds and vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"299","author":"Werring","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.596122","article-title":"Microbleeds are independently related to gait disturbances in elderly individuals with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"42","author":"Gons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004704","article-title":"Brain microbleeds, anticoagulation, and hemorrhage risk: Meta-analysis in stroke patients with AF","volume":"89","author":"Charidimou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01447-y","article-title":"Advancing prediction of age-related vascular cognitive impairment based on peripheral and retinal vascular health in a pilot study: A novel comprehensive assessment developed for a prospective workplace-based cohort (The Semmelweis Study)","volume":"47","author":"Csipo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1128","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00780.2016","article-title":"Cerebral microhemorrhages: Mechanisms, consequences, and prevention","volume":"312","author":"Ungvari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4743","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01210-3","article-title":"Longitudinal detection of gait alterations associated with hypertension-induced cerebral microhemorrhages in mice: Predictive role of stride length and stride time asymmetry and increased gait entropy","volume":"46","author":"Ungvari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tipirneni, S., Stanwell, P., Weissert, R., and Bhaskar, S.M.M. (2023). Prevalence and Impact of Cerebral Microbleeds on Clinical and Safety Outcomes in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Patients Receiving Reperfusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11102865"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e037029","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.037029","article-title":"Association Between Cerebral Microbleeds and Neurological Outcomes in Patients Who Underwent Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.2022.00020","article-title":"Contribution of cerebral microvascular mechanisms to age-related cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"109","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Int."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00791-9","article-title":"Capturing postural blood pressure dynamics with near-infrared spectroscopy-measured cerebral oxygenation","volume":"45","author":"Klop","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13521","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension: From pathophysiology to clinical applications and therapeutic considerations","volume":"21","author":"Magkas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00802-9","article-title":"Applying systems thinking to unravel the mechanisms underlying orthostatic hypotension related fall risk","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kern, K.C., Wright, C.B., Bergfield, K.L., Fitzhugh, M.C., Chen, K., Moeller, J.R., Nabizadeh, N., Elkind, M.S.V., Sacco, R.L., and Stern, Y. (2017). Blood Pressure Control in Aging Predicts Cerebral Atrophy Related to Small-Vessel White Matter Lesions. Front. Aging Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00132"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, W., Li, Y., Hu, J., Wu, J., and Huang, Y. (2022). A Study on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Hypothesis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164742"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01590-1","article-title":"Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: A critical feature in unravelling the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"Rajeev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0718-6","article-title":"The overlap between neurodegenerative and vascular factors in the pathogenesis of dementia","volume":"120","author":"Iadecola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2019.47","article-title":"White Matter Hyperintensities Predict Cognitive Decline: A Community-Based Study","volume":"46","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303645","article-title":"Cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and comparison with other stroke subtypes","volume":"84","author":"Makin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.06.025","article-title":"The cumulative effect of small vessel disease lesions is reflected in structural brain networks of memory clinic patients","volume":"19","author":"Heinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209801","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209801","article-title":"Association of Vascular Risk Factors and Cerebrovascular Pathology With Alzheimer Disease Pathologic Changes in Individuals Without Dementia","volume":"103","author":"Lorenzini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Govindpani, K., McNamara, L.G., Smith, N.R., Vinnakota, C., Waldvogel, H.J., Faull, R.L., and Kwakowsky, A. (2019). Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Prelude to the Pathological Process or a Consequence of It?. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050651"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13503","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13503","article-title":"Effects of cerebral amyloid angiopathy on the brain vasculome","volume":"21","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noto, N.M., Speth, R.C., and Robison, L.S. (2025). Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A narrative review. Front. Aging Neurosci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1632252"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bateman, G.A., and Bateman, A.R. (2024). A lumped parameter modelling study of cerebral autoregulation in normal pressure hydrocephalus suggests the brain chooses to be ischemic. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75214-6"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"1574","article-title":"Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"21","author":"Bateman","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3114","article-title":"Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2022.12.003","article-title":"Vascular contributions to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"254","author":"Eisenmenger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segura-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., G\u00f3mez-Amarillo, D.F., Mej\u00eda-Michelsen, I., Vargas-Osorio, M.P., Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Dom\u00ednguez, M.T., Mattar, S.M., Volcinschi, D., Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez-Rubiano, E.G., and Ramos-M\u00e1rquez, A. (2025). Reversal of cerebral pseudoatrophy in normal pressure hydrocephalus after ventriculoatrial shunt placement. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03158-6"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh131","article-title":"Pattern of white matter regional cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"127","author":"Momjian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae357","article-title":"Perivascular space dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease is related to neuroinflammation","volume":"148","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, J., Lin, W., Chen, J., and Gao, Q. (2023). Higher critical closing pressure is independently associated with enlarged basal ganglia perivascular spaces. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1165469"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nogueira, R.C., Beishon, L., Bor-Seng-Shu, E., Panerai, R.B., and Robinson, T.G. (2021). Cerebral Autoregulation in Ischemic Stroke: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Concepts. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11040511"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs, K.B., Bencs, V., Hud\u00e1k, L., Ol\u00e1h, L., and Csiba, L. (2023). Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Strokes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814067"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheriff, F., Castro, P., Kozberg, M., LaRose, S., Monk, A., Azevedo, E., Li, K., Jafari, S., Rao, S., and Otite, F.O. (2020). Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation Post Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10090641"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.03.006","article-title":"Collaterals: Implications in cerebral ischemic diseases and therapeutic interventions","volume":"1623","author":"Nishijima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13231-016-0021-2","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of reperfusion injury and hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting","volume":"8","author":"Farooq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Transl. Stroke Med."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2022.04.027","article-title":"Association of carotid revascularization approach with perioperative outcomes based on symptom status and degree of stenosis among octogenarians","volume":"76","author":"Kibrik","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23662","article-title":"Anatomical variations of the circle of Willis and their prevalence, with a focus on the posterior communicating artery: A literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231171991","article-title":"Candidate neuroinflammatory markers of cerebral autoregulation dysfunction in human acute brain injury","volume":"43","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.3.0450","article-title":"Age, intracranial pressure, autoregulation, and outcome after brain trauma","volume":"102","author":"Czosnyka","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5371","article-title":"Geriatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Epidemiology, Outcomes, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Directions","volume":"35","author":"Gardner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1118","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00267.2016","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury-induced autoregulatory dysfunction and spreading depression-related neurovascular uncoupling: Pathomechanisms, perspectives, and therapeutic implications","volume":"311","author":"Toth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0217","article-title":"Cerebral Autoregulation Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview of Recent Advances in Personalized Medicine","volume":"39","author":"Zeiler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00280-3","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury-induced cerebral microbleeds in the elderly","volume":"43","author":"Toth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.11.003","article-title":"Disordered APP metabolism and neurovasculature in trauma and aging: Combined risks for chronic neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"34","author":"Ikonomovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-025-06474-y","article-title":"Autoregulatory-guided management in traumatic brain injury: Does age matter?","volume":"167","author":"Beqiri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00790-w","article-title":"A decade of aging in healthy older adults: Longitudinal findings on cerebrovascular and cognitive health","volume":"45","author":"Weijs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241235878","article-title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression amalgamating the driven approaches used to quantify dynamic cerebral autoregulation","volume":"44","author":"Burma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241245488","article-title":"Shining a light on cerebral autoregulation: Are we anywhere near the truth?","volume":"44","author":"Bird","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231182245","article-title":"Point-Counterpoint: Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: To band or not to band?","volume":"43","author":"Tarumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221119760","article-title":"Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: A CARNet white paper 2022 update","volume":"43","author":"Panerai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231153728","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation measured by diffuse correlation spectroscopy","volume":"43","author":"Favilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.10.1985","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler is valid for determination of the lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation","volume":"25","author":"Larsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2007.058602","article-title":"Role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in stroke","volume":"83","author":"Sarkar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivera-Lara, L., and Zeiler, F.A. (2022). Continuous Cerebral Autoregulation Monitoring Using TCD. Neurovascular Sonography, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96893-9_16"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-015-1571-z","article-title":"A neuroradiologist\u2019s guide to arterial spin labeling MRI in clinical practice","volume":"57","author":"Grade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sainbhi, A.S., Gomez, A., Froese, L., Slack, T., Batson, C., Stein, K.Y., Cordingley, D.M., Alizadeh, A., and Zeiler, F.A. (2022). Non-Invasive and Minimally-Invasive Cerebral Autoregulation Assessment: A Narrative Review of Techniques and Implications for Clinical Research. Front. Neurol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.872731"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000128530.75424.63","article-title":"Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurements of cerebral autoregulation with a breath-hold challenge: A feasibility study","volume":"35","author":"Hendrikse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pyne, J.D., Morales, C.D., Kraal, A.Z., Alshikho, M.J., Lao, P.J., Turney, I.C., Amarante, E., Lippert, R.V., Chang, J.F., and Gutierrez, J. (2025). Phase contrast-derived cerebral blood flow is associated with neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular injury in older adults. Front. Neurosci., 19.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1538956"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61888-7","article-title":"Mechanobiology of the blood-brain barrier during development, disease and ageing","volume":"16","author":"Konig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01694-y","article-title":"Association between impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation and BBB disruption in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.2022.575.1","article-title":"Quantification of Blood-Brain-Barrier Permeability Dysregulation and Inflammatory Activity in MS Lesions by Dynamic-Contrast Enhanced MR Imaging","volume":"13","author":"Oghabian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.13104\/imri.2022.26.4.229","article-title":"Arterial Spin Labelling-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Assessment and Its Applications","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Investig. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, K.J., Abdelhafez, Y.G., Spencer, B.A., Jones, T., Tran, Q., Nardo, L., Chen, M.S., Sarkar, S., Medici, V., and Lyo, V. (2024). Quantitative PET imaging and modeling of molecular blood-brain barrier permeability. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.26.24311027"},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"688","article-title":"Autoregulation of cerebral circulation: Adaptation to hypertension and re-adaptation in response to antihypertensive treatment","volume":"63","author":"Pieniazek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Przegl Lek."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2667-y","article-title":"Blood pressure regulation IX: Cerebral autoregulation under blood pressure challenges","volume":"114","author":"Tzeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102302","article-title":"Impaired cerebral blood flow in type 2 diabetes mellitus - A comparative study with subjective cognitive decline, vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease subjects","volume":"27","author":"Chau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.00885.x","article-title":"Impairment of cerebral autoregulation in diabetic patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and orthostatic hypotension","volume":"20","author":"Mankovsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1179","article-title":"Neuropathologic studies of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA)","volume":"18","author":"Resnick","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02508-9","article-title":"Vascular and haemodynamic issues of brain ageing","volume":"473","author":"Beishon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"ref_152","first-page":"100212","article-title":"Slower speed of blood pressure recovery after standing is associated with accelerated brain aging: Evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)","volume":"6","author":"M","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cereb. Circ. Cogn. Behav."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.82.10_supplement.S58.007","article-title":"Impaired Cerebral Autoregualtion is Associated with a Greater 7-year Decline in Gait Speed in an Elderly Population: The MOBILIZE Boston Study (S58. 007)","volume":"82","author":"Sorond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1159\/000078503","article-title":"Cerebral haemodynamics in the elderly: The rotterdam study","volume":"23","author":"Bakker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa002","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet Increases Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"150","author":"Shannon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231167753","article-title":"Sex modifies the relationship between age and neurovascular coupling in healthy adults","volume":"43","author":"Koep","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01293-y","article-title":"Gonadal status modulates large elastic artery stiffness in healthy middle-aged and older men","volume":"47","author":"DuBose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00843-0","article-title":"Sexual dimorphic metabolic and cognitive responses of C57BL\/6 mice to Fisetin or Dasatinib and quercetin cocktail oral treatment","volume":"45","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01489-2","article-title":"Sex-specific mechanisms in vascular aging: Exploring cellular and molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases","volume":"47","author":"Ungvari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01409-4","article-title":"Losartan attenuates sex-dependent hypertension, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in the aging male sprague-dawley rat","volume":"47","author":"Nist","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-01020-z","article-title":"Sex differences in the progression to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A combination of functional and structural markers","volume":"46","author":"Fernandez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00913-3","article-title":"Exposome and unhealthy aging: Environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures","volume":"45","author":"Pandics","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-01018-7","article-title":"The Semmelweis Study: A longitudinal occupational cohort study within the framework of the Semmelweis Caring University Model Program for supporting healthy aging","volume":"46","author":"Ungvari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01550-8","article-title":"Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase ameliorates cerebral blood flow autoregulation and cognition in alzheimer\u2019s disease and diabetes-related dementia rat models","volume":"47","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00999-9","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside in older adults with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"46","author":"Orr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4855","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01198-w","article-title":"A cocktail of rapamycin, acarbose, and phenylbutyrate prevents age-related cognitive decline in mice by targeting multiple aging pathways","volume":"46","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00845-y","article-title":"Targeting mitochondria in the aged cerebral vasculature with SS-31, a proteomic study of brain microvessels","volume":"45","author":"Seman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00786-6","article-title":"Rapamycin restores peripheral blood flow in aged mice and in mouse models of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"45","author":"DeRosa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00685-2","article-title":"Associations between biomarkers of cellular senescence and physical function in humans: Observations from the lifestyle interventions for elders (LIFE) study","volume":"44","author":"Fielding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geroscience"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/11\/1669\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:32:05Z","timestamp":1761715925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/15\/11\/1669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":169,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["life15111669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life15111669","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]}}}