{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:26:17Z","timestamp":1787797577863,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 109-2314-B-303-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2314-B-303-006"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 114-2320-B-303-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2320-B-303-003-MY3"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 114-2811-B-303-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2811-B-303-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by erythematous and pruritic lesions caused by irritant exposure. Ohwia caudata, a traditional medicinal plant, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its dermatoprotective potential remains unclear. To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of Ohwia caudata leaves\u2019 hydroethanolic extract in a murine model of TPA-induced contact dermatitis. Major phytochemicals in Ohwia caudata extract were identified by HPLC\u2013MS. SKH1\/J hairless mice were topically treated with Ohwia caudata extract following TPA stimulation. Skin barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss and hydration. Inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, TGF-\u03b2), antioxidant (SIRT1, Nrf2, HO-1), and ERK-related (p-ERK, eIF2\u03b1, ATF-4, CHOP) proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. HPLC\u2013MS revealed harmine, swertisin, isoliquiritigenin, eupatilin, 3\u2032,4\u2032-dimethoxyflavone, and nerolidol as key constituents. The extract significantly reduced transepidermal water loss and enhanced hydration, indicating improved barrier integrity. It downregulated IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 while restoring TGF-\u03b2 expression. ERK and downstream eIF2\u03b1\/ATF-4\/CHOP activation were suppressed, whereas SIRT1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 antioxidant signaling was enhanced. Ohwia caudata leaves hydroethanolic extract protects against TPA-induced dermatitis by improving skin barrier function, suppressing inflammation, and activating antioxidant defense, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic for inflammatory skin diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15111707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1762254676000},"page":"1707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protective Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Mechanisms of Ohwia caudata Leaf Hydroethanolic Extract in a Dermatitis Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tzu-Kai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5612-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Wen","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Lun","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1731-4984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Hua","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong"},{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China"},{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences and Sports Training, School of Sport Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Jung","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"},{"name":"Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7120-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinn-Zong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2097-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Wen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lopez-Ojeda, W., Pandey, A., Alhajj, M., and Oakley, A.M. 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