{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T05:19:27Z","timestamp":1762492767539,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGP1\/68\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP1\/68\/46"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) via a green sustainable approach using Raphanus sativus (L.) root extract and evaluate their gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. ZnO-NPs were characterized through UV\u2013Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM, zeta potential analysis, and XRD. LC- MS-coupled metabolic profiling was employed to identify different phytochemical compounds in the plant. Oxidative stress biomarkers (GSSG, GPX, and CAT), gastric secretions (gastrin and histamine), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1 and NF-\u03baB), and molecular markers (MMP-10 and pERK1\/2) were evaluated. Treatment with ZnO-NPs and plant extract restored antioxidant enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner and decreased oxidative and inflammatory markers. Histopathological and histochemical analyses confirmed the protection of the gastric mucosa. The ZnO-NPs at (200 mg\/kg), showed superior efficacy over the extract and, in some cases, displayed equivalent or enhanced effects relative to the reference drug omeprazole. In silico findings support the gastroprotective potential of the plant by demonstrating strong binding associations for major phytochemicals. This paper highlights that green-synthesized ZnO-NPs exhibit a significant gastroprotective effect through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, indicating their promise as a safe and effective alternative treatment for gastric ulcers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15111710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T07:58:05Z","timestamp":1762329485000},"page":"1710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phyto-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Raphanus sativus (L.): Metabolomic Insights, Gastroprotective Potential, and Docking-Supported Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Doaa K.","family":"Alsayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, National Nutritional Institute, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seham S.","family":"El-Hawary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5960-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"El Raey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gihan","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Nutritional Institute, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6100-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed F.","family":"Abdelhameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Essa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmine H.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Histology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6266-7116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad A.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62251, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Rabeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62251, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira K.","family":"Elmotayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2327-5162.1000231","article-title":"Brief review on the causes, diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of gastritis disease","volume":"6","author":"Elseweidy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Altern. 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