{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:44:44Z","timestamp":1790192684588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JPMJSP2123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSP2123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["23K15938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K15938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["25K12855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K12855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Eye Research Foundation for the Aged"},{"name":"Japan National Society for the Prevention of Blindness"},{"name":"AMED-CREST","award":["JP22gm1510007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22gm1510007"]}]},{"name":"Manpei Suzuki Diabetic Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scleral remodeling plays a crucial role in myopia development. Although ultrastructural collagen changes have been described, quantitative assessment at the fiber bundle level remains limited. This study quantitatively evaluated scleral collagen remodeling in a lens-induced myopia (LIM) mouse model using polarized light microscopy (PLM) combined with picrosirius red (PSR) staining. LIM was induced in C57BL\/6J male mice by applying a monocular \u221230 D lens from postnatal week 3 to 6. Eyes wearing \u221230 D lenses showed myopic shifts in refraction (\u22128.42 \u00b1 3.87 D vs. 4.42 \u00b1 4.45 D; p = 0.002) and axial elongation (0.21 \u00b1 0.04 mm vs. 0.18 \u00b1 0.05 mm; p = 0.020) compared with contralateral controls. PLM revealed looser, more disorganized collagen bundles in myopic sclera. Quantitative analysis showed reduced bundle proportion (40.91 \u00b1 6.58% vs. 48.36 \u00b1 6.47%; p = 0.040) and mean size (147.11 \u00b1 59.38 \u00b5m2 vs. 281.45 \u00b1 101.00 \u00b5m2; p = 0.002). These results indicate that myopia development involves structural remodeling of the sclera and that PLM with PSR staining provides a practical approach for quantitative wide-field evaluation of collagen architecture in experimental myopia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15111743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T09:10:45Z","timestamp":1763025045000},"page":"1743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polarized Light Microscopy-Based Quantification of Scleral Collagen Fiber Bundle Remodeling in the Lens-Induced Myopia Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yajing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Chorioretinal Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6258-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longdan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuno","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8874-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Tsubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1013-5737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Chorioretinal Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7404-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Gettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5457-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihide","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.08.009","article-title":"The sclera and myopia","volume":"82","author":"Rada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. 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