{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T13:23:18Z","timestamp":1763040198972,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: After the implementations of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) HIV infection became a chronic condition and the clinical focus on non-AIDS-related comorbidities such as hypertension and chronic kidney disease has increased. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and independent predictors of hypertension and albuminuria in a cohort of people with HIV (PWHIV) with high rates of viral suppression. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 183 HAART-experienced PWHIV. Hypertension, defined as office systolic blood pressure of \u2265140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of \u226590 mmHg and albuminuria, was defined as a sex-based albumin\u2013creatinine ratio (ACR) of &gt;355 mg\/g for females and &gt;250 mg\/g for males. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the association of hypertension and albuminuria with demographic, clinical, and HIV-specific factors. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 43.9% (n = 74) and albuminuria was 22.4% (n = 41). In the multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with prevalence of HTN were older age, overweight\/obesity, and diabetes mellitus. TDF-based ART was explored as a potential factor but did not reach statistical significance (aRR = 1.85, p = 0.065). For albuminuria, older age, diabetes mellitus, and duration of HAART (aRR = 1.03 per year) were revealed as independent predictors. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the development of hypertension is primarily driven by traditional metabolic risk factors. However, the progression to albuminuria appears to be influenced not only by these comorbidities but also by long-term HIV disease and HAART exposure. These findings underline the critical need for the screening and management of hypertension and other comorbidities to mitigate the risk of long-term cardiovascular and renal complications in this aging population of PWHIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15111747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:57:13Z","timestamp":1763038633000},"page":"1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension and Albuminuria in People with HIV (PWHIV)\u2014Real-World Greek Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3695-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas G.","family":"Tsantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, \u201cAttiko\u201d Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Microbiology Department, \u201cSaint Savvas\u201d Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Rafailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantia","family":"Kantartzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Nephrology Department, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Panopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Laboratory Department, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4296-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theocharis","family":"Konstantinidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Laboratory Department, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikoleta","family":"Babaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pelagia","family":"Kriki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Nephrology Department, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Panagoutsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Nephrology Department, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4846-2178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papazoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Periklis","family":"Panagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd University Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital Alexandroupolis, Democritus University Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61809-7","article-title":"The end of AIDS: HIV infection as a chronic disease","volume":"382","author":"Deeks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000298","article-title":"Trends in life expectancy of HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy across 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