{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T10:51:08Z","timestamp":1763981468585,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the diurnal blood pressure (BP) profile, progression of CKD, and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) in patients with CKD stages 1\u20133 during a 6-month observation period. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with CKD stages 1\u20133 underwent 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), echocardiography, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) assessment, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement at baseline and after 6 months. Serum creatinine and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated using the CKD-EPI formula. Results: Based on ABPM, patients were classified as dippers\/extreme dippers (D\/ED, 35.6%), non-dippers (ND, 47.2%), and reverse dippers (RD, 17.2%). At follow-up, the RD group showed a significant decline in the eGFR and a lower left ventricular ejection fraction compared to D\/ED. IMT values were consistently higher in RD than in D\/ED at baseline and follow-up. No significant differences in PWV were observed. Conclusions: An abnormal diurnal BP profile is common in patients with CKD stages 1\u20133. The \u201creverse dipper\u201d profile is associated with faster CKD progression, more advanced vascular remodeling, and reduced left ventricular function. The results of our study support the role of ABPM as a useful tool in assessing risk in the early stages of CKD, providing additional prognostic information beyond office blood pressure measurements. Limitations: The relatively small sample size, short follow-up period, lack of detailed data on treatment modifications, and absence of orthostatic BP assessment may limit the interpretation and generalizability of the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15121796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1763979857000},"page":"1796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diurnal Blood Pressure Profiles and Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8235-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Pluta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Community Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, \u0141ukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Str\u00f3\u017cecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Curie Sk\u0142odowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: An update 2022","volume":"12","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int. 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