{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:03:41Z","timestamp":1787727821875,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cPRIN 2022 Research Projects of National Interest\u201d Italian Minister of the University","award":["202254FLSB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202254FLSB"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Host-modulating therapies and oral microbiome-targeted approaches are emerging options in periodontal care and are especially relevant for patients undergoing immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Immune dysregulation induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cell therapy may worsen periodontal inflammation and alter the composition and functions of the oral microbiota. Beyond these, other immunomodulatory treatments commonly employed in hematologic malignancies\u2014including monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab, daratumumab), immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., lenalidomide, thalidomide), cytokine-based therapies (e.g., interferon-\u03b1), and targeted small-molecule inhibitors (e.g., BTK inhibitors, JAK inhibitors) may also influence periodontal homeostasis and oral microbial ecology by altering neutrophil function, cytokine profiles, and mucosal immune surveillance. The oral microbiota is functionally connected with the intestinal microbial ecosystem through the oral\u2013gut axis, by periodontal pathogens may colonize the gut and modulate systemic immune responses, with potential repercussions on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy. This narrative review examines the mechanisms and clinical applicability of host-modulating therapies, including subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline, omega-3 fatty acids, and microbiome-targeted interventions, such as oral probiotics, prebiotics and other antimicrobials in patients treated with immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15121862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:53:30Z","timestamp":1764856410000},"page":"1862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Periodontal Host-Modulation Therapies on Oral\u2013Gut Microbiome Axis in Periodontitis Patients with Hematological Diseases: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bianca Maria","family":"Messina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6717-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Polizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"International Research Center on Periodontal and Systemic Health \u201cPerioHealth\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2814-6453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Panuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Belmonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3231-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Angjelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0405-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Fuochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95124 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4605-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Annunziata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4267-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Isola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"International Research Center on Periodontal and Systemic Health \u201cPerioHealth\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e166","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00021-1","article-title":"Effects of periodontitis on cancer outcomes in the era of immunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Pai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00450.x","article-title":"Periodontitis: A host-mediated disruption of microbial homeostasis. 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