{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:44:11Z","timestamp":1776689051886,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: ADT is routinely combined with radiotherapy (RT) for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. While prostate shrinkage may facilitate planning, prospective CT-based, patient-level estimates over short, workflow-relevant intervals are scarce. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 47 patients starting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa) therapy (leuprolide, 6-month depot). Prostate volumes were independently contoured by three blinded radiation oncologists on paired CT scans at baseline and ~8 weeks post-injection. The primary outcomes were the mean relative volume change and the proportion achieving a clinically relevant reduction (\u226515%). PSA and testosterone were recorded at both time points; correlations and exploratory univariable logistic regression for \u226515% reduction were performed at the patient level. Results: Mean relative volume reduction ranged from \u221218.5% to \u221221.3% across observers; \u226560% of patients met the \u226515% threshold (RT-A 61.7%, RT-B 66.0%, RT-C 74.5%). PSA and testosterone decreased substantially (e.g., median PSA from 9.64 to 1.84 nmol\/L) and were moderately correlated (Spearman \u03c1 = 0.43, p = 0.002; Pearson r = 0.51, p &lt; 0.001). No baseline clinical, histologic, or biochemical variables reached statistical significance for predicting \u226515% volume reduction; % PSA change showed a non-significant trend (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00\u20131.07; p = 0.076). Conclusions: Short-course LHRHa induced consistent CT-measured cytoreduction, with more than half of cases achieving \u226515% shrinkage within 8 weeks. Prostate downsizing was reproducible across readers and accompanied by marked PSA and testosterone declines, although biochemical responses did not predict volumetric change. These findings support incorporating a short neoadjuvant \u201cwindow\u201d before RT simulation and highlight the need for larger studies to refine predictors and compare agonist vs. antagonist trajectories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16010029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:50:21Z","timestamp":1766710221000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CT-Based Quantification of Prostate Volume Change After LHRH-Agonist Androgen Deprivation: A Prospective, Three-Reader Study for Radiotherapy Planning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2607-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Feltes Ben\u00edtez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Terrassa (CST), 08221 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC Barcelona), Campus Sant Cugat, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Galdeano-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Terrassa (CST), 08221 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC Barcelona), Campus Sant Cugat, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Corporaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Parc Taul\u00ed, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Corporaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Parc Taul\u00ed, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Sol\u00e9 i Monn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Terrassa (CST), 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meritxell","family":"P\u00e9rez M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario de Terrassa (CST), 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Caballero del Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Terrassa (CST), 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inma","family":"D\u00edaz-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Terrassa (CST), 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7233-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Cou\u00f1ago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28108 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Genesis Care Spain, Hospital Universitario San Francisco de As\u00eds, 28002 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Genesis Care Spain, Hospital Universitario La Milagrosa, 28010 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9919-134X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saturio","family":"Paredes-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Terrassa (CST), 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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