{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T02:48:40Z","timestamp":1788835720925,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This paper was supported by Sunchon National University Glocal University Project Fund in 2025","award":["2025-G036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-G036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pinus koraiensis leaves are known for various bioactivities, including anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. This study aimed to compare the essential oil from P. koraiensis leaves (EPO) and the supercritical-CO2-extracted oil (SPO) for physicochemical traits, antibacterial and anticancer activities, and anti-inflammatory\/antioxidant effects, and profiled fatty acids by means of GC-MS. SPO showed stronger antimicrobial activity than EPO against Streptococcus mutans, whereas EPO was more active against Candida albicans. In HaCaT keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytic cell line, SPO more effectively suppressed LPS-induced ROS and attenuated TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 upregulation. Across a panel of human cancer cell lines, SPO exerted greater cytotoxicity, particularly in non\u2013small cell lung, prostate, and colon cancers. GC\u2013MS revealed greater compositional diversity in SPO (16 fatty acids, 10 unique), while linolelaidic acid was detected only in EPO; pentadecenoic acid was abundant in all oils. Collectively, SPO demonstrates broader bioactivity and richer fatty-acid diversity than EPO, supporting its potential as a functional food or medicinal ingredient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16010049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T06:25:51Z","timestamp":1766989551000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Bioactivities and Fatty Acid Composition of Pinus koraiensis Leaf Oils Obtained Using Different Extraction Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3237-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Tae","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Cooking Science, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6878-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leeseon","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13135, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1946-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahbazi, R., Sharifzad, F., Bagheri, R., Alsadi, N., Yasavoli-Sharahi, H., and Matar, C. 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