{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:05:46Z","timestamp":1767895546905,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CECAN","award":["ANID FONDAP 152220002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID FONDAP 152220002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa), yet evidence remains dispersed across heterogeneous studies and their regulatory context is seldom analyzed in an integrated manner. This study systematically maps ncRNAs reported as diagnostic biomarkers for PCa and characterizes their molecular interactions through in silico analyses. A comprehensive evidence-mapping strategy across major bibliographic databases identified 693 studies, of which 58 met eligibility criteria. Differentially expressed ncRNAs were extracted and classified by RNA type. Subsequently, miRNA\u2013target prediction, miRNA\u2013protein interaction network construction, and functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore the regulatory landscape of miRNA-associated proteins. Results: The final dataset included 4500 participants (2871 PCa cases and 2093 controls) and reported 94 differentially expressed miRNAs, eight lncRNAs, and several circRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, and piRNAs. In silico analyses predicted 13,493 miRNA\u2013mRNA interactions converging on 4916 unique target genes, with an additional 2481 prostate tissue-specific targets. The miRNA\u2013protein network comprised 845 nodes and 2335 edges, revealing highly connected miRNAs (e.g., hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-20a-5p) and protein hubs (QKI, YOD1, TBL1XR1; prostate-specific CDK6, ACVR2B). Enrichment analysis showed strong overrepresentation of metabolic process-related GO terms and cancer-associated KEGG pathways. Conclusions: These findings refine the list of promising ncRNA biomarkers and highlight candidates for future clinical validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16010095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:56:55Z","timestamp":1767877015000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-Coding RNA Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer: Evidence Mapping and In Silico Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-1040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Albarrac\u00edn-Navas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Medical Services (SERMEDIC), Cuenca 010108, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9593-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s I.","family":"Lara-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de La Frontera, Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9454-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier H.","family":"Alarcon-Roa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de La Frontera, Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maylin","family":"Almonte-Becerril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Executive Direction of Research and Advanced Studies, Universidad de la Salud, Mexico City 01210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7976-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enmanuel","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Medical Services (SERMEDIC), Cuenca 010108, Ecuador"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador"},{"name":"SOLCA Cancer Institute, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6300-3338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela L.","family":"Riffo-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de La Frontera, Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Temuco 4780000, Chile"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Santiago 8331150, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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