{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T01:33:11Z","timestamp":1768527191397,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHDKUT0676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHDKUT0676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a major cause of female infertility with limited treatment options, and lifestyle interventions such as supervised, structured exercise therapy may support ovarian function. In this pilot study, we evaluated the effect of a supervised, physiotherapy-based exercise program combined with antioxidant supplementation on ovarian reserve markers and spontaneous pregnancy rates in 24 infertile women aged 20\u201342 years, with body mass index (BMI) 18.5\u201330 kg\/m2, regular menstruation, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) &lt; 1.1 ng\/mL, and antral follicle count \u22653 measured on days 2\u20134 of the cycle. Participants were randomized into two groups of 12: Both groups received standardized oral therapy, while the intervention group additionally participated in a three-month supervised, structured exercise therapy programme. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for baseline differences in AMH and BMI, as groups differed significantly in BMI at baseline. At post-treatment assessment, AMH levels were significantly higher in the intervention group, whereas FSH, LH, estradiol, prolactin, and TSH levels did not change significantly. Spontaneous pregnancies were recorded both during the intervention period and throughout a follow-up period of up to six months. Spontaneous pregnancy occurred in 7 out of 12 participants in the intervention group versus 1 out of 12 in the control group, resulting in four and one live births, respectively. These findings suggest that combining supervised, structured exercise therapy with antioxidant supplementation may enhance ovarian reserve and improve the likelihood of spontaneous pregnancy in women with diminished ovarian reserve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16010120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:52:57Z","timestamp":1768319577000},"page":"120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Supervised Physiotherapy-Based Exercise on Ovarian Reserve and Spontaneous Pregnancy in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Controlled Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2395-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara Petra","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4914-8797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia","family":"Balog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judit F.","family":"Szigeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproduction Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Seb\u0151k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Manninger Jen\u0151 Trauma Center, 1081 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2832-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"T\u00f6r\u00f6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szabolcs","family":"V\u00e1rb\u00edr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged University, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). 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