{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:15:59Z","timestamp":1791483359506,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction has emerged as a central driver of cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and endocrine disorders, challenging traditional organ-specific disease models. Increasing evidence indicates that conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease frequently develop in parallel, reflecting shared upstream metabolic abnormalities rather than isolated pathologies. This narrative review synthesizes recent clinical, epidemiologic, biomarker, and therapeutic evidence to examine metabolic dysfunction as a unifying framework for multisystem disease, with particular focus on the cardiovascular\u2013renal\u2013hepatic\u2013metabolic (CRHM) model. A targeted literature search of major biomedical databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025, encompassing observational cohorts, randomized trials, and integrative reviews addressing cross-organ metabolic interactions. The reviewed evidence highlights consistent clinical overlap across organ systems, stage-dependent risk amplification and the utility of shared metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in capturing multisystem vulnerability. In parallel, contemporary metabolic therapies demonstrate coordinated benefits across cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic domains, supporting the concept of common modifiable disease drivers. The reviewed evidence supports a shift from organ-based toward metabolic-centric frameworks for risk stratification and prevention. Viewing metabolic dysfunction as the organizing principle of cardiometabolic disease may improve recognition of multisystem risk, facilitate earlier intervention, and provide a more coherent foundation for precision and preventive medicine, in an era of growing cardiometabolic multimorbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16010172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T17:20:42Z","timestamp":1768929642000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Metabolic Dysfunction at the Core: Revisiting the Overlap of Cardiovascular, Renal, Hepatic, and Endocrine Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria-Daniela","family":"Tanasescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Semiology-Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5500-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei-Mihnea","family":"Rosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu Emergency Hospital, 077015 Balotesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Minca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Semiology-Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea-Liana","family":"Rosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, BBraun, 013714 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Mihaela","family":"Grigorie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0579-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Timofte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dialysis, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0411-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorin","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Semiology-Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oishi, Y., and Manabe, I. 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