{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T03:33:13Z","timestamp":1784431993023,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), particularly nocturia, though mechanisms including hypoxia, intrathoracic pressure changes, and hormonal alterations. While age and severity may influence these associations, stratified analyses remain limited. This study examined polysomnographic (PSG) parameters, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) components, and hormonal\/electrolyte markers in age- and severity-stratified men with suspected OSA. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 104 men (mean age 60.8 \u00b1 9.8 years) underwent PSG. Analyses were stratified by age (&lt;60 vs. \u226560 years) and respiratory disturbance index (RDI) severity. Correlations were used to assess PSG indices, IPSS subdomains (irritative, obstructive, quality of life [QoL]), and markers including antidiuretic hormone [ADH], aldosterone, plasma renin activity [PRA], sodium, potassium. Nocturnal polyuria index (NPI \u2265 33%) was calculated in a subset of participants. Pearson correlations, ANOVA, and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests were used (p &lt; 0.05), with adjustments for multiple comparisons. Results: Moderate OSA predominated (RDI 27.2 \u00b1 20.4 events\/h); nocturia affected 61.5% of the cohort. In those &lt;60 years (n = 48), mild RDI correlated with nocturia (r = 0.42, p = 0.028), while severe RDI correlated strongly with the obstructive subscore (r = 0.96, p = 0.009). In those \u226560 years (n = 56), QoL correlated with sleep efficiency (r = 0.48, p = 0.012) and total sleep time (r = 0.46, p = 0.015). Severe RDI was associated with higher IPSS (14.5 \u00b1 6.2 vs. 10.5 \u00b1 4.8, p = 0.028) and nocturia (3.5 \u00b1 1.7 vs. 2.4 \u00b1 1.1, p = 0.02). ADH was significantly lower in severe OSA (1.4 \u00b1 0.8 vs. 2.7 \u00b1 1.1 pg\/mL, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Age and OSA severity modulate PSG\u2013LUTS\u2013hormonal associations. Younger men exhibit hypoxia-linked obstructive symptoms, whereas older men experience sleep fragmentation that impacts QoL. ADH suppression is associated with severe OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16030453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T17:04:24Z","timestamp":1773162264000},"page":"453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age- and Severity-Stratified Associations Among Polysomnographic Parameters, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, and Hormonal Markers in Men with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yu-Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Hsin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3496-3371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Siang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center of Humanities and Society, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Jui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Ju","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0040","article-title":"Adult obstructive sleep apnea: Pathophysiology and diagnosis","volume":"132","author":"Patil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: A literature-based analysis","volume":"7","author":"Benjafield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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