{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:48:24Z","timestamp":1774079304339,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IP-2024-05-8056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2024-05-8056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fascioloidosis is a parasitic disease caused by allochthonous parasite Fascioloides magna. In Europe, three types of final hosts are recognised: definitive, aberrant, and dead end. Several countries have launched disease control programmes using medicated feed, with different drugs, to control F. magna infections. In this study, we used corn treated with Albix\u00ae 10 in a total dose of 60 mg\/kg of body weight for five consecutive days (12 mg\/kg per day). Following successful treatment, a destroyed pseudocyst with different amounts of degrading material and decaying flukes was detected. A total of 136 livers was examined. The average number of pseudocysts per positive liver was seven (min. 1\u2013max. 45), while the average number of adult flukes was 14.17 (2\u201370). On average, 1.34 juvenile flukes in the migratory phase were detected per infected liver. The average number of pseudocysts was 7.07 per liver in total. Degrading pseudocysts were either absent or present to a maximum of 120 per liver, with an average of 7.99 per liver. Some livers had multifocal to confluent nodules bulging from the liver parenchyma, which were up to 7 cm in diameter. Histologically, these areas showed disruption, containing bands of fibrous connective tissue, dividing parenchyma into pseudolobules of varying size and shape. These septa contained dark brown to black pigment (iron porphyrin), along with remnants of elliptical, operculated, mainly empty trematode eggs. Nodules were surrounded with fibrous tissue and disorganised hyperplastic hepatocytes arranged in irregular trabeculae supported by fibrous bands occasionally containing blood vessels. This study shows the potential of liver regeneration in the case of acute and chronic liver injury, as well as in cases of fatty liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16030502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:54:37Z","timestamp":1773910477000},"page":"502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Fascioloidosis: From Liver Pathology to Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8584-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Konjevi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolina","family":"\u0160kvorc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miljenko","family":"Bujani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7336-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"\u010curl\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An\u0111elko","family":"Ga\u0161par","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croatian Veterinary Chamber, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan-Conrado","family":"\u0160o\u0161tari\u0107-Zuckermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2077-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gudan Kurilj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00e1lov\u00e1-Hromadov\u00e1, I., Juh\u00e1sov\u00e1, L., and Bazsalovicsov\u00e1, E. (2016). The Giant Liver Fluke, Fascioloides magna: Past, Present and Future Research, Springer. Springer Briefs in Animal Sciences.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29508-4"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2021-0036","article-title":"Severe pulmonary fascioloidosis in a wild mouflon (Ovis musimon)\u2014A case report","volume":"58","author":"Stiles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2025-0015","article-title":"Distribution of pseudocysts in Fascioloides magna infected livers of red deer and fallow deer","volume":"62","author":"Verzak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"67","article-title":"Control of fascioloidosis (Fascioloides magna Bassi, 1875) in red deer and roe deer","volume":"39","author":"Cabadaj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-0027-z","article-title":"Monitoring and treatment of Fascioloides magna in semi-farm red deer husbandry in Croatia","volume":"29","author":"Janicki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"73","article-title":"The preservation of triclabendazole in baits for free-living red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) during the pre-consummation period","volume":"49","author":"Janicki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Slov. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"98","article-title":"Treatment and control of Fascioloides magna infection in cervids\u2014Review","volume":"55","author":"Koudela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"316","article-title":"Incidence and control of the American giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, in a population of wild ungulates in the Danubian wetlands east of Vienna","volume":"119","author":"Ursprung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. 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Pathogens, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060516"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2022-0042","article-title":"The occurrence of Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) in the wild cervid population in the Lower Silesian Wilderness\u2013epidemiological and pathological aspects","volume":"66","author":"Hutsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Bryan, J.B. (2001). Relationship Between Parasite Intensities and Antler Characteristics of White-Tailed Deer in Texas. [Master\u2019s Thesis, College of Graduate Studies Texas A&M University]."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-27.4.599","article-title":"Efficacy of triclabendazole against natural infections of Fascioloides magna in wapiti","volume":"27","author":"Pybus","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Wildl. 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Pathol."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/16\/3\/502\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:17:25Z","timestamp":1774070245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/16\/3\/502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["life16030502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life16030502","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]}}}