{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:55:20Z","timestamp":1785426920278,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101070363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101070363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["101070363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101070363"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Children with skin color (SOC) are underrepresented in dermatologic research, despite structural and functional differences that shape disease presentation. Atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common pediatric dermatoses, often appears differently in SOC than in white children. This study compared dermatologic conditions prompting Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) referral in SOC and white children, and described clinical features of AD in SOC. A retrospective study was performed at IRCCS AOUBO Policlinico di Sant\u2019Orsola, Bologna, Italy, analyzing records and photographs from 2019. Patients presenting with dermatologic conditions and evaluated by a pediatric dermatologist were included. Of 411 patients, 109 (26.5%) had SOC. In SOC, common diagnoses were scabies (22%), AD (17.4%), viral infections (12.8%), burns (9.2%), and contact dermatitis (7.3%). In white children, viral infections (16.9%), burns (14.2%), contact dermatitis (13.9%), AD (12.9%), and insect bites (5.6%) predominated. Scabies and pruritus were significantly more frequent in SOC (p &lt; 0.05). Among 38 SOC patients with AD, lichenoid (31.6%), pityriasis alba (29.0%), prurigo nodularis (26.3%), and classic AD (13.2%) were the most frequent variants. Erythema was often subtle or absent. Dermatologic conditions and AD morphology differ between SOC and white children, highlighting the need for tailored diagnostic approaches and equitable care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16040578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T14:09:54Z","timestamp":1775138994000},"page":"578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skin of Color in Pediatric Dermatology: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Analysis Addressing Inclusive Diagnosis and Care"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7516-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Dondi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7378-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty School of Paediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Andreozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Leuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS University Hospital of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"D\u2019Alanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty School of Paediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8175-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Pierantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9895-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Zama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Battelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Calegari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2298-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Borghesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Lanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8552-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iria","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS University Hospital of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silverberg, N.B., Dur\u00e1n-McKinster, C., and Tay, Y.K. (2015). Pediatric Skin of Color, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6654-3"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2020.12.018","article-title":"Skin of color lacks representation in medical student resources: A cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Perlman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.08.009","article-title":"Underrepresentation of skin of color in dermatology grand rounds cases: A single-center retrospective study","volume":"87","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. 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