{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:48:22Z","timestamp":1776084502151,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Small-sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are commonly used in soccer conditioning to improve aerobic fitness and performance. Although both modalities induce high cardiovascular stress, their acute neuromuscular, perceptual, and cognitive responses remain incompletely understood when examined within the same cohort. This study compared the acute physical, psychophysiological, and cognitive responses to SSG and Tabata-type HIIT in amateur male soccer players. Methods: Thirty-two male amateur players (n = 32; age: 20.53 \u00b1 1.65 years) completed a counterbalanced within-subject crossover design. Participants performed a 4v4 SSG protocol and a running-based Tabata-HIIT protocol (8 \u00d7 20 s, 10 s recovery) on separate days (48 h apart). Countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), 20-m sprint, agility t-test, heart rate, perceived exertion (Borg CR-10), mental effort, and cognitive performance (d2 test) were assessed pre- and post-exercise. Parametric variables were analyzed using 2 \u00d7 2 repeated-measures ANOVA (time \u00d7 protocol; \u03b72p), and non-parametric data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (r) (p &lt; 0.05). Results: Both protocols elicited similar cardiovascular responses (~90% HRmax). A significant protocol \u00d7 time interaction was observed for CMJ (p &lt; 0.001), showing a decline after Tabata-HIIT, whereas performance was maintained after SSG. No inter-protocol differences were found for SJ, sprint, or agility. Perceived exertion and mental effort during recovery were higher following Tabata-HIIT (p &lt; 0.05). Cognitive performance improved after both protocols (p &lt; 0.001), with no between-protocol differences. Conclusions: Despite comparable cardiovascular load, Tabata-HIIT was associated with greater acute neuromuscular and perceptual strain, whereas SSG preserved neuromuscular performance. Perceptual and mental responses may therefore differ despite similar physiological intensity, which may inform soccer training prescription.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16040646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:38:26Z","timestamp":1776080306000},"page":"646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Effects of Small-Sided Games and Tabata High-Intensity Interval Training on Physical, Psychophysiological, and Cognitive Responses in Male Soccer Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0634-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alir\u0131za Han","family":"Civan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Hasan Do\u011fan Sports Sciences, Karab\u00fck University, Karab\u00fck 78000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adem","family":"Civan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Sel\u00e7uk University, Konya 42250, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmut Esat","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Hasan Do\u011fan Sports Sciences, Karab\u00fck University, Karab\u00fck 78000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1411-2778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soner","family":"Akg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Artvin \u00c7oruh University, Artvin 08100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1000-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enes","family":"Akdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Ya\u015far Do\u011fu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun 55270, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Kerim","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Ya\u015far Do\u011fu Sports Sciences, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun 55270, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"374","article-title":"Effects of Small-Sided Games on Physical Conditioning and Performance in Young Soccer Players","volume":"8","author":"Katis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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