{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:32:37Z","timestamp":1792805557777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca Bando PRIN 2022","award":["2022BPNY3E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BPNY3E"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0341vw408","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["C13C22000660001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C13C22000660001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ca54I1900096000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ca54I1900096000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["C13C22000660001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C13C22000660001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ca54I1900096000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ca54I1900096000"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking","award":["831434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["831434"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019af4n30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular traps (ETs) are immune-derived chromatin networks initially described as antimicrobial barriers but increasingly recognized as modulators of tissue homeostasis and autoimmunity. The oral mucosa, constantly exposed to inflammatory stimuli, is particularly sensitive to ET-mediated remodeling (extracellular traps-mediated remodeling). In this study, we investigated how platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-poor plasma (PPP), and washed platelets (WPT), widely used in regenerative medicine, influence ETosis in monocytes and macrophages, and how these ETs modulate the responses of primary buccal keratinocytes (pBMKs). ETs were induced in monocytes\/macrophages using PRP, PPP, and WPT. pBMKs were exposed to ET-rich supernatants, and proliferation was monitored in real time through a live cell imaging system. ETs derived from PRP, PPP, and WPT did not induce either a statistically significant proliferation or morphological changes in buccal keratinocytes. These findings suggest that both platelet-derived products (PRP, PPP, WPT) and ETs play a crucial role in modulating epithelial biology, thus suggesting their possible role in chronic autoimmune diseases characterized by persistent inflammation and epithelial remodeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16050751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:15:27Z","timestamp":1777630527000},"page":"751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Macrophage Extracellular Traps in the Oral Mucosa: Autoimmune Disease and Platelet-Derived Epithelial Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0836-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stelvio","family":"Tonello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate (DiSTA), Universit\u00e0 eCAmpus, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7453-2151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Vercellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"D\u2019Onghia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bagnati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carit\u00e0 di Novara, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Sola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, 28824 Oggebbio, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pier Paolo","family":"Sainaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2277-3226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Colangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Farmacologia, Scuola di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.05.010","article-title":"Low Concentrations of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Proliferation in Human Keratinocytes via NF-kB Activation","volume":"88","author":"Tonello","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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