{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:29:50Z","timestamp":1790126990205,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-25-00034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-25-00034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["25-25-00034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-25-00034"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The work was performed to assess the relationship of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which determine the concentration of sex hormones (confirmed in previously performed genome-wide studies (GWASs)), with the risk of endometrial hyperplasia (EH). The objects of the study were 1493 women, of which 520 individuals had EH; the control group consisted of 973 women. Nine SNPs that were GWAS-associated with the level of sex hormones were investigated. The correlations of SNPs that determine the level of sex hormones with EH risk were found: minor polymorphic variants rs11031002 (allele A: OR = 0.45\u20130.50) and rs11031005 (allele C: OR = 0.05\u20130.53) of the FSHB gene were associated with a low risk of developing the disease, and the TT*rs11031002-rs11031005 FSHB haplotype, at a level of statistical significance (p = 1 \u00d7 10\u221211) exceeding the GWAS \u201cstandard\u201d, increases the EH risk by more than 2.5 times (OR = 2.84). The 16 multilevel SNP interaction exploratory models of nine considered loci were EH-associated (padj-perm &lt; 0.001). Two loci, T&gt;A rs11031002 and T&gt;C rs11031005 FSHB, play a fundamental role in these models (100% and 75% of models, respectively), and two more loci, C&gt;G rs112295236 SLC22A10 and C&gt;A rs117585797 ANO2, are part of more than 30% of all models. Sex hormone-level genetic determinants are involved in numerous EH-significant hormone-mediated molecular pathways (regulation of gene transcription, processes of embryogenesis and development, regulation of metabolism, differentiation and maturation of the epithelium, TGF\u03b2 pathway, fat cell differentiation, etc.). In conclusion, for the first time, it was found that the genetic polymorphisms that determine an organism\u2019s sex hormone levels are associated with EH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16050782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:15:07Z","timestamp":1778156107000},"page":"782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polymorphism of the FSHB Gene Is Associated with Endometrial Hyperplasia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Churnosov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6444-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Churnosova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5429-6666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Reshetnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Aristova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Tsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Sorokina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6280-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Polonikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia"},{"name":"Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Solodilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Churnosov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5652-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Ponomarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13977","article-title":"Revising the WHO classification: Female genital tract tumours","volume":"76","author":"Cree","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.02.032","article-title":"Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia","volume":"200","author":"Reed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. 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