{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:00:03Z","timestamp":1785157203981,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Airports workers are exposed to a mixture of airborne pollutants generated by aircraft operations, ground support equipment, road traffic, and indoor microenvironments. Indoor air quality, influenced by outdoor pollutant and ventilation dynamics, represents an important, but overlooked determinant of occupational exposure. Fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and xenobiotic responses, affecting not only the respiratory system, but also other organs. (2) Methods: This review examines the health effects of occupational exposure among airport workers, with emphasis on indoor air pollution besides aircraft engine emissions. Studies addressing exposure characterization, biological effects, biomarkers, and risk management strategies were critically evaluated. (3) Results: Occupational exposure is driven by both combustion-derived pollutants and indoor\u2013outdoor air exchange processes. Ultrafine particles, black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace metals contribute to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and xenobiotic pathway activation. Monitoring indoor microclimatic parameters, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity, may facilitate the identification of event-related deterioration in indoor air quality. (4) Conclusions: Indoor air pollution should be recognized as a key component of airport occupational exposure. Integrating indoor\/outdoor air quality monitoring and biomarker-based surveillance may improve risk assessment and support more effective protection of airport workers, while advanced predictive tools, including AI-based exposure modelling, represent a promising direction that still requires dedicated validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16081242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:54:26Z","timestamp":1785153266000},"page":"1242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Indoor Air Pollution on Occupational Exposure: Rethinking the Major Health Threat for Airport Workers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2268-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Perna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USMAF-SASN Lazio Umbria Marche Sardegna, Via Mario Stoppani, 20, 00054 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Paolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Engineering for Automation and Telecommunication, University of Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USMAF-SASN Lazio Umbria Marche Sardegna, Via Mario Stoppani, 20, 00054 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Spernanzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USMAF-SASN Lazio Umbria Marche Sardegna, Via Mario Stoppani, 20, 00054 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USMAF-SASN Lazio Umbria Marche Sardegna, Via Mario Stoppani, 20, 00054 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USMAF-SASN Lazio Umbria Marche Sardegna, Via Mario Stoppani, 20, 00054 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0749-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pierdomenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biotechnologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-2775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biotechnologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124471","article-title":"Associations between fine particulate matter, gene expression, and promoter methylation in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed within a classroom under air-liquid interface","volume":"358","author":"Santoro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. 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