{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:55:56Z","timestamp":1785779756462,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skull base pneumatization is anatomically variable and clinically relevant to temporal bone and transsphenoidal surgical corridors, but manual volumetric segmentation is time-consuming. This retrospective pilot study evaluated a clinician-guided deep learning workflow for mastoid and sphenoid sinus compartment segmentation on bone computed tomography. Images were curated and annotated in 3D Slicer using MONAI Label and separate three-dimensional SegResNet models. The mastoid development dataset comprised 122 side-cases, with 28 reserved side-cases; the sphenoid dataset comprised 117 development and 17 reserved examinations. The best internal-validation Dice scores were 0.8660 for the mastoid model and 0.8750 for the sphenoid model. In AI-assisted correction cohorts, mean Dice ranged from 0.9539 to 0.9691 for mastoid and from 0.9347 to 0.9426 for sphenoid. In independently annotated subsets, AI-to-expert Dice was 0.8083\u20130.8097 for mastoid and 0.8339\u20130.8473 for sphenoid, while interobserver Dice was 0.8003 and 0.9136, respectively. AI assistance reduced mean segmentation time by 86.5% for mastoid and 81.4% for sphenoid. These findings support clinician-supervised AI segmentation as an efficient starting point for volumetric assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16081284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:26:52Z","timestamp":1785778012000},"page":"1284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinician-Guided Deep Learning Segmentation of Skull Base Pneumatization on Computed Tomography Using 3D Slicer and MONAI Label"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4460-3673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian-Norbert","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2173-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerg\u0151","family":"R\u00e1duly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Radiology ME2, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin Ursula","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mure\u0219 County Clinical Hospital, 6 Bern\u00e1dy Gy\u00f6rgy Street, 540072 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Iov\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Pius Br\u00eenzeu County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Timi\u0219oara, 156 Liviu Rebreanu Boulevard, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gheorghe","family":"M\u00fchlfay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Department of ENT George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aladeyelu, O.S., Olaniyi, K.S., Olojede, S.O., Mbatha, W.-B.E., Sibiya, A.L., and Rennie, C.O. 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