{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T04:28:22Z","timestamp":1787113702530,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spot blotch has become a major devastating disease in wheat. In the current study, Faisalabad-08 was supplemented with various levels of selenium (Se) both in vitro and in greenhouse experiments (CRD, n = 3) to counter the spot blotch pathogen. The results revealed that minimum disease incidence was assessed in the case of T2 (50 mg L\u22121). However, maximum plant growth attributes, including plant height (PH), plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), leaf surface area (LSA), and root length (RL), were recorded in T5 (50 mg L\u22121 + pathogen). Similarly, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, membrane stability index, carotenoid, relative water contents, proline, sugar, flavonoid, total phenolic content, SOD, POD, CAT, PPO, and PAL contents were enhanced in T5 compared to other tested treatments. However, MDA, an oxidative damage marker, was significantly decreased with T5. Correlation, PCA, and heatmap analysis suggested that all the attributes were significantly interrelated, except MDA, in defining the crop\u2019s potential to sustain its growth under biotic stress. In crux, foliar Se application (50 mg L\u22121) effectively mitigates spot blotch through enhanced antioxidant defense and physiological homeostasis. This sustainable approach offers a viable alternative to conventional fungicides for integrated wheat disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16081353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:35:08Z","timestamp":1786984508000},"page":"1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Foliar Selenium Application Enhances Wheat Resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana-Induced Spot Blotch via Modulation of Growth, Physiological Homeostasis, and Antioxidant Defense Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Raheel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-0445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Muhammad Usman","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Pathology Program, San Luis Valley Research Center, Colorado State University, 249 E County Road 9 N, Center, CO 81125, USA"},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqas","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9898-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahira","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zeeshan","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2785-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qamar uz","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Umar","family":"Alvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Aatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-020-0111-0","article-title":"Author Correction: Threats to Global Food Security from Emerging Fungal and Oomycete Crop Pathogens","volume":"1","author":"Fones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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