{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:23:52Z","timestamp":1787304232297,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic","award":["1\/0414\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0414\/23"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-22-0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-22-0071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["APVV-22-0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-22-0071"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037nx0e70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focused on dietary supplementation with flaxseed in fattening pigs to observe health benefits and important biological findings, including cell membrane integrity, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Animals received flaxseed for 6 or 3 weeks prior to slaughter. Pigs were divided into a control group (standard diet) and experimental groups F6 (6 weeks) and F3 (3 weeks), which received flaxseed in the feed. Spectroscopy followed by an electrophoretic method was used to study the levels of basic biochemical parameters, including LDH. Subsequently, gas chromatography revealed fatty acid concentrations in the pigs\u2019 livers, and finally, immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect CD31 and PCNA antigens in the liver and jejunum. The highest weight gain was measured in the F6 group. After slaughter, blood samples revealed a decreased glucose level in the F6 group, maintained levels of basic biochemical parameters, and decreased concentrations of LDH in blood, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle extracts, thus improving cell membrane integrity. A long-term supplementation period led to better utilization of essential fatty acids, an improved n-6:n-3 ratio, and other atherogenic indices related to cardiovascular health. Flaxseed also affected the expression of CD31 and PCNA proteins in the liver and jejunum, mainly in the F6 group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16081380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T08:14:01Z","timestamp":1787300041000},"page":"1380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flaxseed Influences Basic Health Parameters, Fatty Acid Content Cell Membrane Integrity, Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis in Fattening Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9929-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Andrej\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0977-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radoslava","family":"Vl\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1552-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zdenka","family":"Hertelyov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical and Preclinical Research Medipark, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, \u0160rob\u00e1rova 2, 041 80 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2212-5176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kozio\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krist\u00edna","family":"\u0160majda Rod\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drahom\u00edra","family":"Sopkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duarte, S., Shah, M.A., and Sanches Silva, A. (2025). Flaxseed in diet: A comprehensive look at pros and cons. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30061335"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2174\/138920106779116856","article-title":"Essential fatty acids\u2014A review","volume":"7","author":"Das","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3181\/0711-MR-311","article-title":"The importance of the omega-6\/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases","volume":"233","author":"Simopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4105-1","article-title":"Synthesis and production of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in yeast: Current state and perspectives","volume":"95","author":"Uemura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2009.00105.x","article-title":"Flaxseed lignans: Source, biosynthesis, metabolism, antioxidant activity, bio-active components, and health benefits","volume":"9","author":"Xueming","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, W., and Jeziorek, M. (2023). The Role of Flaxseed in Improving Human Health. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11030395"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-88","article-title":"Effects of flaxseed oil on anti-oxidative system and membrane deformation of human peripheral blood erythrocytes in high glucose level","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01203-6","article-title":"A comprehensive review of the health benefits of flaxseed oil in relation to its chemical composition and comparison with other omega-3-rich oils","volume":"28","author":"Ashmawy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.03.055","article-title":"Dietary flaxseed\u2019s protective effects on body tissues of mice after oral exposure to xylene","volume":"28","author":"Koziorowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01680-7","article-title":"The lactate and the lactate dehydrogenase in inflammatory diseases and major risk factors in COVID-19 patients","volume":"45","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nfs.2024.100199","article-title":"Pork as a source of nutrients in a human diet\u2014Comparison of meat obtained from conventional and organic systems offered in the Polish market","volume":"37","author":"Tkacz","year":"2024","journal-title":"NFS J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500000817","article-title":"Effect of whole linseed (Linum usitatissimum) in the diet of finishing pigs on growth performance and on the quality and fatty acid composition of various tissues","volume":"93","author":"Matthews","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.02.009","article-title":"Nutritive value of flaxseed meal fed to growing pigs","volume":"238","author":"Ndou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, L., Wei, Z., Guo, B., Bai, R., Liu, J., Li, Y., Sun, W., Jiang, X., Li, X., and Pi, Y. (2022). Flaxseed meal and its application in animal husbandry: A review. Agriculture, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12122027"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1515\/acve-2016-0031","article-title":"Effect of sunflower, linseed and soybean meal in pig diet on chemical composition, fatty acid profile of meat and backfat, and its oxidative stability","volume":"66","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Beogr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8181967x","article-title":"Effect of a high-linolenic acid diet on lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, and meat quality in the growing pig","volume":"81","author":"Kouba","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.04.023","article-title":"Cooking effect on fatty acid profile of pork breakfast sausages enriched in conjugated linoleic acid by dietary supplementation or direct addition","volume":"117","author":"Marco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1999.0317","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution and patterns in chicken organs","volume":"67","author":"Rosival","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein\u2013dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Conn, P.M. (1990). Image Analytic Techniques for Quantification of Immunocytochemical Staining in the Nervous System, Academic Press. Methods in Neurosciences."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodakova, K.S., Gancarcikova, S., Demeckova, V., Lauko, S., Rynikova, M., Andrejcakova, Z., Spisakova, D., Fusek, M., Vlckova, R., and Strompfova, V. (2026). Modulation of Gut\u2013Liver Axis by ASD-Associated Microbiota and Synbiotic Intervention in a Pseudo-Germ-Free Mouse Model. Appl. Sci., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/app16115529"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"226","article-title":"Of pigs and men and research: A review of applications and analogies of the pig, sus scrofa, in human medical research","volume":"3","author":"Douglas","year":"1972","journal-title":"Space Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.01.004","article-title":"Porcine models of digestive disease: The future of large animal translational research","volume":"166","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartkovsk\u00fd, M., Sopkov\u00e1, D., Andrej\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1, Z., Vl\u010dkov\u00e1, R., Semjon, B., Marcin\u010d\u00e1k, S., Buj\u0148\u00e1k, L., Pospiech, M., Nagy, J., and Popelka, P. (2022). Effect of concentration of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and duration of administration on fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of pork meat. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091087"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"731","article-title":"Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) in pig diets to modify the lipid composition of meat","volume":"51","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agrociencia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40378-0","article-title":"Effect of the inclusion of extruded flaxseed in the diet of fattening pigs on lipid metabolism and tissue redox status","volume":"13","author":"Czech","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2009.10.015","article-title":"Feeding co-extruded flaxseed to pigs: Effects of duration and feeding level on growth performance and backfat fatty acid composition of grower-finisher pigs","volume":"84","author":"Dugan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660120055359","article-title":"Effect of inclusion level of linseed on the nutrient utilization of diets for growing broiler chickens","volume":"42","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2010.02.006","article-title":"In-vitro assessment of the effects of dietary fibers on microbial fermentation and communities from large intestinal digesta of pigs","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12558","article-title":"Synbiotics suppress the release of lactate dehydrogenase, promote non-specific immunity and integrity of jejunum mucosa in piglets","volume":"87","author":"Petrilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805172","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/805172","article-title":"Role of inflammation in muscle homeostasis and myogenesis","volume":"2015","author":"Costamagna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.06.007","article-title":"Postoperative liver failure risk score: Identifying patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who can benefit from portal vein embolization","volume":"225","author":"Olthof","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02333-x","article-title":"The effect of a split portion of flaxseed on 24-h blood glucose response","volume":"60","author":"Almehmadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24211","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24211","article-title":"Effects of flaxseed supplementation on weight loss, lipid profiles, glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"47","author":"Sabet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.34172\/jhp.2024.51457","article-title":"Flaxseed extract: A potential therapeutic intervention for type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk reduction in Wistar rats","volume":"13","author":"Hasimun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Herbmed Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2023-0018","article-title":"Effect of the inclusion of extruded flaxseed in the diet of fattening pigs on performance parameters and blood parameters","volume":"23","author":"Klimiuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Lala, V., Zubair, M., and Minter, D.A. (2026, July 14). Liver function tests, StatPearls, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK482489\/."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Yu, B., Liu, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhu, M., Shi, L., and Chen, H. (2022). Assessment of hematologic and biochemical parameters for healthy commercial pigs in China. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182464"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01235","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1235","article-title":"A literature review for the mechanisms of stress-induced liver injury","volume":"9","author":"Joung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.4103\/MJBL.MJBL_1603_23","article-title":"Physiological and histological effects of flaxseed oil on the liver and heart muscle","volume":"21","author":"Alaubody","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. J. Babylon"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-203-43598","article-title":"Short-term ingestion of a high protein diet increases liver and kidney mass and protein accretion but not cellularity in young pigs","volume":"203","author":"Schoknecht","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Farhana, A., and Lappin, S.L. (2026, July 01). Biochemistry, lactate dehydrogenase, StatPearls, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557536\/."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2015.1124333","article-title":"The application of probiotics and flaxseed promotes metabolism of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pigs","volume":"45","author":"Petrilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.007","article-title":"Impact of dietary fat sources and feeding level on adipose tissue fatty acids composition and lipid metabolism related gene expression in finisher pigs","volume":"196","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2012.01296.x","article-title":"Effect of intake of linoleic acid and \u03b1-linolenic acid levels on conversion into long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in backfat and in intramuscular fat of growing pigs","volume":"97","author":"Smink","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.08.008","article-title":"Adipose tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids and metabolic syndrome among adult parents and their children","volume":"28","author":"Flannagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.008","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: Clinical and mechanistic perspectives","volume":"197","author":"Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"91","article-title":"Recent studies confirm the utility of the omega-3 index","volume":"28","author":"Harris","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isacke, C.M., and Horton, M.A. (2000). CD31: Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, PECAM-1. The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, Academic Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012356505-1\/50027-7"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy184","article-title":"Associations between fetal size, sex and placental angiogenesis in the pig","volume":"100","author":"Stenhouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2023.08.005","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of CD31 and \u03b1-SMA expression for age estimation of porcine skin wounds","volume":"206","author":"Pankoke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2016.1216525","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and risk of prostate cancer: An updated meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merkher, Y., Kontareva, E., Alexandrova, A., Javaraiah, R., Pustovalova, M., and Leonov, S. (2023). Anti-cancer properties of flaxseed proteome. Encyclopedia, 11, Available online: https:\/\/encyclopedia.pub\/entry\/52115.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202308.2063.v1"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24043-5","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with flaxseed meal and oat hulls modulates intestinal histomorphometric characteristics, digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota in pigs","volume":"8","author":"Ndou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12129","article-title":"Influence of dietary supplementation with flaxseed and lactobacilli on the mucosal morphology and proliferative cell rate in the jejunal mucosa of piglets after weaning","volume":"96","author":"Toth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/16\/8\/1380\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T08:29:11Z","timestamp":1787300951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/16\/8\/1380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["life16081380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life16081380","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}