{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:37:48Z","timestamp":1790116668305,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hechi University","award":["2021GCC017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GCC017"]}]},{"name":"Hechi University","award":["2021GCC023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GCC023"]}]},{"name":"Hechi University","award":["2026GYXKJBGSZD015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026GYXKJBGSZD015"]}]},{"award":["2021GCC017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GCC017"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pjkyk24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2021GCC023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GCC023"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pjkyk24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2026GYXKJBGSZD015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026GYXKJBGSZD015"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pjkyk24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Local Science and Technology Development Fund project guided by the central government","award":["Heke ZY230301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Heke ZY230301"]}]},{"award":["Heke ZY230301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Heke ZY230301"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036h6g940","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2023 Annual Operation Subsidy Project of the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology","award":["23-026-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-026-08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cibotium barometz (Gouji) is a widely prescribed traditional medicine whose supply still depends on wild-harvested rhizomes of this CITES-listed medicinal tree fern. We asked whether field domestication or tissue culture reproduces its chemical profile. Wild-collected (WP), field-domesticated (DM) and tissue-cultured (ZP) rhizomes (n = 3) were profiled by untargeted LC-MS\/MS. Of 2828 annotated features, 2787 (98.6%) were detected in all three materials and fewer than ten were group-exclusive, indicating that differences are quantitative rather than qualitative, although this overlap partly reflects gap filling and detection limits. Replicate-level distances to the WP centroid were metric-dependent: correlation- and magnitude-based measures ranked DM closer (1 \u2212 Pearson 0.290 vs. 0.371), whereas abundance-weighted Bray\u2013Curtis favoured ZP (0.398 vs. 0.459), consistent with PCA showing both substitutes displaced from WP along independent axes. Within nine literature-prioritized classes, ZP retained 93% of the WP response and an essentially identical organic-acid core (log2FC = \u22120.01), whereas DM retained 63%, losing organic acids, alkaloids, nucleosides and organosulfur compounds and gaining flavonoids and pterosins. N6-hydroxymethyladenosine, crotonoside and modified nucleosides are proposed as candidate authentication markers requiring validation with authentic standards. Chemical similarity alone does not establish therapeutic equivalence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16091435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:33:52Z","timestamp":1787942032000},"page":"1435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Untargeted LC\u2013MS\/MS Metabolite Profiling of Wild, Field-Domesticated and Tissue-Cultured Rhizomes of the Endangered Medicinal Fern Cibotium barometz"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yezhen","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Intelligent Technology Application, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guole","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Intelligent Technology Application, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changqin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongnong Qiaosheng (Fangchenggang) Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Fangchenggang 538037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6866-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delong","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Intelligent Technology Application, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5314-9405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Intelligent Technology Application, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Hechi 546300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2025.106843","article-title":"Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing, and applications of Cibotium barometz (L.) 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