{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:06:55Z","timestamp":1789549615813,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with multiple autoimmune conditions. This article reviews the relationship between psoriasis and autoimmune blistering dermatoses, vitiligo, alopecia areata, autoimmune thyroid disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus, and celiac disease, highlighting shared genetic susceptibility and overlapping immune pathways. The coexistence of these conditions may influence clinical presentations, prognosis, and treatment selection. In addition, various psoriasis therapies have been associated with the onset or exacerbation of concomitant autoimmune disorders. Therefore, recognizing these conditions is essential for individualized management and a multidisciplinary approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16091542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:58:59Z","timestamp":1789545539000},"page":"1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Immunological Intersection of Psoriasis and Autoimmune Diseases: Shared Pathways and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alexandra-Petru\u021ba","family":"Savu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, CF2 Clinical Hospital, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1691-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodica","family":"Olteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5882-9729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Mihaela","family":"Ciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Otolaryngology Department, CF2 Clinical Hospital, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Alexandra","family":"Tiron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, CF2 Clinical Hospital, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5075-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traian-Vasile","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cProfessor Doctor Theodor Burghele\u201d Clinical Hospital, 061344 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costina-Cristiana","family":"Mutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0218tefana","family":"Bucur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, CF2 Clinical Hospital, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Magdalena","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, CF2 Clinical Hospital, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateescu, L.A., Savu, A.P., Mutu, C.C., Vaida, C.D., \u0218erban, E.D., Bucur, \u0218., Poenaru, E., Nicolescu, A.-C., and Constantin, M.-M. (2024). The Intersection of Psoriasis and Neoplasia: Risk Factors, Therapeutic Approaches, and Management Strategies. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16244224"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e47006","article-title":"The Current Advancement in Psoriasis","volume":"15","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capon, F. (2017). The Genetic Basis of Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122526"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2147\/PTT.S126727","article-title":"Drug-induced psoriasis: Clinical perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Balak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psoriasis Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"J314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.12.001","article-title":"Geoepidemiology and environmental factors of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Chandran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lupulescu, A.M., Savu, A.P., Bucur, \u015e., \u015eerban, E.D., Popescu, S., and Constantin, M.M. (2025). Hard-to-Treat Areas in Psoriasis: An Underevaluated Part of the Disease. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15030425"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendon, A., and Sch\u00e4kel, K. (2019). Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061475"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2147\/PTT.S328439","article-title":"The Skin Microbiome and Its Role in Psoriasis: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Celoria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psoriasis Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbz011","article-title":"Genetics of psoriasis: A basis for precision medicine","volume":"2","author":"Ran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Precis. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, H.A., Revankar, R.R., Pedroza, S.T., Graham, S., and Feldman, S.R. (2023). The Genetic Susceptibility to Psoriasis and the Relationship of Linked Genes to Our Treatment Options. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1290.v1"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-06015-8","article-title":"Multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis with 472,819 individuals identifies 32 novel risk loci for psoriasis","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050500","article-title":"Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-\u03b1 production","volume":"202","author":"Nestle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12891","article-title":"Autoimmunity and autoimmune co-morbidities in psoriasis","volume":"154","author":"Furue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shirley, S.N., Watson, A.E., and Yusuf, N. (2024). Pathogenesis of Inflammation in Skin Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Pathology. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810152"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, P., Wang, M., Gao, H., Zheng, A., Li, J., Mu, D., and Tong, J. (2021). The Role of Helper T Cells in Psoriasis. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.788940"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968549","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/968549","article-title":"Pivotal Roles of T-Helper 17-Related Cytokines, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, in Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710","article-title":"IL-17 and Th17 Cells","volume":"27","author":"Korn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campanati, A., Marani, A., Martina, E., Diotallevi, F., Radi, G., and Offidani, A. (2021). Psoriasis as an Immune-Mediated and Inflammatory Systemic Disease: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111511"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11124","article-title":"Update on the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis (Review)","volume":"23","author":"Branisteanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6621","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a T-cell autoantigen in psoriasis","volume":"5","author":"Lande","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151093","article-title":"Melanocyte antigen triggers autoimmunity in human psoriasis","volume":"212","author":"Arakawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-024-08991-7","article-title":"The Immunology of Psoriasis\u2014Current Concepts in Pathogenesis","volume":"66","author":"Sieminska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S462797","article-title":"The Role of Interleukin 23\/17 Axis in Psoriasis Management: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials","volume":"17","author":"Potestio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25243","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-50941-0","article-title":"Six months predictors of DAPSA Remission with Guselkumab in Psoriatic Arthritis in a Multicenter Real-World Study","volume":"16","author":"Conforti","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.09.004","article-title":"Psoriasis and autoimmunity","volume":"15","author":"Sticherling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"e60455","article-title":"Prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases Among Patients with Psoriasis: A Single Tertiary Center Experience","volume":"16","author":"Hakami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00272-9","article-title":"Autoimmune bullous diseases: Pathogenesis and clinical management","volume":"6","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Didona, D., Maglie, R., Eming, R., and Hertl, M. (2019). Pemphigus: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01418"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(74)90365-X","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris: Incidence in Jews of different ethnic groups, according to age, sex, and initial lesion","volume":"38","author":"Pisanti","year":"1974","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2706","article-title":"Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus Foliaceus: Differences in Epidemiology and Mortality","volume":"97","author":"Kridin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2021.100004","article-title":"Epidemiology of Pemphigus","volume":"1","author":"Kridin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JID Innov."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.03.002","article-title":"Epidemiology and comorbidities of psoriasis patients in a national database in Taiwan","volume":"63","author":"Tsai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00293","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3607","article-title":"Increased Risk of Pemphigus among Patients with Psoriasis: A Large-scale Cohort Study","volume":"100","author":"Kridin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.016","article-title":"Coexistence of autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) and psoriasis: A series of 145 cases","volume":"73","author":"Ohata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dainichi, T., and Kabashima, K. (2018). Interaction of Psoriasis and Bullous Diseases. Front. Med., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00222"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"226","article-title":"Pemphigus Associated with Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Retrospective Study of Seven Patients and a Review of the Literature","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kridin, K., and Ludwig, R.J. (2018). The Growing Incidence of Bullous Pemphigoid: Overview and Potential Explanations. Front. Med., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00220"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09300.x","article-title":"Incidence of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus in Switzerland: A 2-year prospective study","volume":"161","author":"Marazza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.35","article-title":"Incidence and Mortality of Bullous Pemphigoid in France","volume":"132","author":"Joly","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13813","article-title":"Ethnic variations in the epidemiology of bullous pemphigoid in Israel","volume":"57","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00793.x","article-title":"From anti-p200 pemphigoid to anti-laminin \u03b31 pemphigoid","volume":"37","author":"Dainichi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14902","article-title":"Psoriasis is associated with increased risk of bullous pemphigoid: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"46","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10386.x","article-title":"Comorbidity profiles among patients with bullous pemphigoid: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"165","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"619","article-title":"Coexistence of psoriasis and pemphigoid-only a coincidence?","volume":"18","author":"Lazarczyk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.02.057","article-title":"Association between bullous pemphigoid and psoriasis: A case-control study","volume":"77","author":"Kridin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2000.0388","article-title":"HLA class II polymorphism contributes to specify desmoglein derived peptides in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus","volume":"15","author":"Loiseau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii30","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.031120","article-title":"Psoriasis pathophysiology: Current concepts of pathogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Krueger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Didona, D., and Di Zenzo, G. (2018). Humoral Epitope Spreading in Autoimmune Bullous Diseases. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00779"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00107.x","article-title":"Epitope spreading: Lessons from autoimmune skin diseases","volume":"110","author":"Chan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maronese, C.A., Cassano, N., Genovese, G., Foti, C., Vena, G.A., and Marzano, A.V. (2022). The Intriguing Links between Psoriasis and Bullous Pemphigoid. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010328"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1994.tb01724.x","article-title":"Pemphigus developed on preexisting dermatoses","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71326","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.71326","article-title":"Coexistence of Psoriasis and Pemphigus: A Case Report of Pemphigus Vulgaris with a Review of the Literature","volume":"13","author":"Robati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07625.x","article-title":"Coexistence of psoriasis and an unusual IgG-mediated subepidermal bullous dermatosis: Identification of a novel 200-kDa lower lamina lucida target antigen","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"283","article-title":"A case of bullous pemphigoid limited to psoriatic plaques","volume":"70","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02079.x","article-title":"Evidence of an association between bullous pemphigoid and psoriasis","volume":"113","author":"Grattan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01378.x","article-title":"Lesional Th17 cells and regulatory T cells in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"20","author":"Arakawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2008.0572","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid followed by pustular psoriasis showing Th1, Th2, Treg and Th17 immunological changes","volume":"19","author":"Yasukawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol. EJD"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"414","article-title":"Coexistence of superficial pemphigus and psoriasis","volume":"57","author":"Panzarella","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00224","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3457","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Drug-Induced Pemphigoid","volume":"100","author":"Verheyden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15840","article-title":"Psoriasis: Comorbidities","volume":"48","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2022.2089331","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid induced by biologic drugs in psoriasis: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone, C., Bak, G., Oh, D., Zhao, C., Venugopal, S., Kumar, K., and Murrell, D.F. (2024). Environmental triggers of pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid: A case control study. Front. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1441369"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"214","article-title":"PUVA-induced Bullous Pemphigoid in Psoriasis","volume":"24","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat. ADC"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60763-7","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"386","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103","article-title":"Vitiligo: A Review","volume":"236","author":"Bergqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"60","article-title":"Disease Stability in Segmental and Non-Segmental Vitiligo","volume":"13","author":"Taneja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2012.00997.x","article-title":"Revised classification\/nomenclature of vitiligo and related issues: The Vitiligo Global Issues Consensus Conference","volume":"25","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13868","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13868","article-title":"The relationship between psoriasis and vitiligo: From a comprehensive study","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ski. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/120347541201600505","article-title":"The coexistence of psoriasis and vitiligo: A review","volume":"16","author":"Sawchuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S142819","article-title":"Psoriasis and vitiligo are close relatives","volume":"10","author":"Sharquie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, K.J., Lv, Y.M., Yin, X.Y., Wang, Z.X., Sun, L.D., He, S.M., Cheng, H., Hu, D.-Y., Zhang, Z., and Li, Y. (2011). Psoriasis Regression Analysis of MHC Loci Identifies Shared Genetic Variants with Vitiligo. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023089"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.04.039","article-title":"The association of psoriasis with autoimmune diseases","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000381913","article-title":"Epidemiology and Comorbidity in Children with Psoriasis and Atopic Eczema","volume":"231","author":"Augustin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2743","article-title":"Autoimmune Disease in Children and Adolescents with Psoriasis: A Cross-sectional Study in Denmark","volume":"97","author":"Blegvad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13813","article-title":"Prevalence and comorbidities in adults with psoriasis compared to atopic eczema","volume":"31","author":"Radtke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. JEADV"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1741-4","article-title":"Dermatological comorbidity in psoriasis: Results from a large-scale cohort of employees","volume":"309","author":"Zander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.3.719","article-title":"Prevalence of vitiligo and associated comorbidities in Korea","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14640","article-title":"Nonsegmental vitiligo disease duration and female sex are associated with comorbidity and disease extent: A retrospective analysis in 1307 patients aged \u2265 50 years","volume":"175","author":"Teulings","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0394-1","article-title":"Association Between Psoriasis and Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Yen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-022-02358-8","article-title":"Investigating the epidemiological relationship between vitiligo and psoriasis: A population-based study","volume":"315","author":"Kridin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.02.062","article-title":"Incidence of childhood-onset vitiligo and increased risk of atopic dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, and psoriasis: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"87","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20193266","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20193266","article-title":"Koebner phenomenon leading to the formation of new psoriatic lesions: Evidences and mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1713","article-title":"Coexistent skin lesions of vitiligo and psoriasis vulgaris. Immunohistochemical analyses for IL-17A-producing cells and regulatory T cells","volume":"94","author":"Ono","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13000","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13000","article-title":"The attentive focus on T cell-mediated autoimmune pathogenesis of psoriasis, lichen planus and vitiligo","volume":"93","author":"Aghamajidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2019.01.001","article-title":"Emerging role of immune cell network in autoimmune skin disorders: An update on pemphigus, vitiligo and psoriasis","volume":"45","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor. Rev."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"65","article-title":"Interferon-induced vitiligo in a patient with chronic viral hepatitis C infection","volume":"193","author":"Simsek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04443.x","article-title":"Interferon-induced vitiligo in hepatitis C patients: A case series","volume":"49","author":"Hamadah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04582.x","article-title":"Induction and exacerbation of psoriasis with Interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C: A review and analysis of 36 cases","volume":"27","author":"Afshar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80184-X","article-title":"A survey of adverse events in 11,241 patients with chronic viral hepatitis treated with alfa interferon","volume":"24","author":"Fattovich","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.005","article-title":"JAK inhibitors in dermatology: The promise of a new drug class","volume":"76","author":"Damsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14695","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"32","author":"Kuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13988","article-title":"Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in psoriasis reduces proinflammatory cytokine levels and improves vitiligo and neutrophilic asthma","volume":"173","author":"Malerba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1159\/000514198","article-title":"Psoriasis, Vitiligo, and Biologic Therapy: Case Report and Narrative Review","volume":"13","author":"Burlando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.11.012","article-title":"Increased Risk of Vitiligo Following Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy: A 10-Year Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"138","author":"Bae","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754231168839","article-title":"Alopecia Areata: An Updated Review for 2023","volume":"27","author":"Sibbald","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"366","author":"Gilhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08883-0","article-title":"Alopecia Areata: An Update on Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management","volume":"61","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.032","article-title":"Epidemiology of alopecia areata, ophiasis, totalis, and universalis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04467.x","article-title":"Late-onset alopecia areata: A retrospective study of 73 patients from Taiwan","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16420","article-title":"Association between psoriasis and alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S53985","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of alopecia areata: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Miteva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2013.10","article-title":"What can the genetics of psoriasis teach us about alopecia areata?","volume":"16","author":"Elder","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.04.024","article-title":"Lessons from TNF-\u03b1 Inhibitor-Induced Alopecia Areata: Does TNF-\u03b1 Operate as a Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Guardian under Inflammatory Conditions?","volume":"145","author":"Perez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89776","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89776","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib citrate in patients with alopecia areata","volume":"1","author":"Ko","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u0142uczanowska-G\u0142\u0105bowska, S., Ziegler-Krawczyk, A., Szumilas, K., and Pawlik, A. (2021). Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Therapy of Psoriasis. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194307"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20142633","article-title":"Nail psoriasis: A review of the literature","volume":"89","author":"Schons","year":"2014","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20255283","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1504a5283","article-title":"Psoriasis and Alopecia: Unveiling the Links","volume":"15","author":"Pourani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.11.002","article-title":"Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases","volume":"54","author":"Giovanella","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-2557-2-1","article-title":"Immunogenetics of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis","volume":"2","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Autoimmune Dis."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70240-1","article-title":"The epidemiology of thyroid disease and implications for screening","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"177","article-title":"Current Diagnosis and Management of Graves\u2019 Disease","volume":"50","author":"Subekti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Medica Indones."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cira, C.I., Carsote, M., Nistor, C., Petca, A., Petca, R.C., and Sandru, F. (2023). Conundrum for Psoriasis and Thyroid Involvement. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054894"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0082-x","article-title":"The Rotterdam Study: 2016 objectives and design update","volume":"30","author":"Hofman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"e12653","article-title":"Etiological Association Between Psoriasis and Thyroid Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Eapi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0397","article-title":"The association of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with psoriatic disease: A prospective cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e055538","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055538","article-title":"Prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with psoriasis: A meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"e4269","article-title":"Is There Any Association Between Psoriasis and Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis?","volume":"11","author":"Alidrisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2007.00414.x","article-title":"Psoriasiform lesions and abscesses as initial manifestations of severe hypothyroidism in a previously healthy 15-year-old girl","volume":"24","author":"Kwinter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16039","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.39","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2","author":"Kaul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primer"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220089","article-title":"Cutaneous Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review for the Rheumatologist","volume":"50","author":"Stull","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700418","article-title":"IL-23 Limits the Production of IL-2 and Promotes Autoimmunity in Lupus","volume":"199","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"73ra20","article-title":"Netting neutrophils are major inducers of type I IFN production in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"3","author":"Caielli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fija\u0142kowska, A., Wojtania, J., Wo\u017aniacka, A., and Robak, E. (2024). Psoriasis and Lupus Erythematosus-Similarities and Differences Between Two Autoimmune Diseases. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154361"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001504","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2025-001504","article-title":"Comorbid psoriasis in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cohort study from a tertiary referral centre and the National Patient Register in Sweden","volume":"12","author":"Walhelm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lupus Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.156","article-title":"Severely photosensitive psoriasis: A phenotypically defined patient subset","volume":"129","author":"Rutter","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320318","article-title":"Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus during PUVA therapy for psoriasis: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Dowdy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70069-1","article-title":"Serologic studies in patients with lupus erythematosus and psoriasis","volume":"8","author":"Kulick","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamamoto, T. (2020). Psoriasis and Connective Tissue Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165803"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80267-4","article-title":"The coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis","volume":"10","author":"Hays","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2007.00131.x","article-title":"New concepts in antimalarial use and mode of action in dermatology","volume":"20","author":"Kalia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"144","article-title":"The Coexistence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Psoriasis: Is It Possible?","volume":"50","author":"Gunawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Medica Indones."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12181","article-title":"Molecular consideration relevant to the mechanism of the comorbidity between psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus (Review)","volume":"26","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01495.x","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"135","author":"Yell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.03.008","article-title":"Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus associated with abatacept","volume":"4","author":"Tarazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2016.2912","article-title":"Drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus: 88 new cases","volume":"27","author":"Laurinaviciene","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.03.048","article-title":"Drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus in previously diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A case series","volume":"12","author":"Keyes","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13417","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13417","article-title":"Secukinumab-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"33","author":"Conforti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.01.015","article-title":"Ustekinumab-induced subacute cutaneous lupus","volume":"5","author":"Tierney","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1698290","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus induced by drugs\u2014Novel insights","volume":"13","author":"Borucki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e081353","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081353","article-title":"Advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of celiac disease","volume":"391","author":"Doyle","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reunala, T., Salmi, T.T., Hervonen, K., Kaukinen, K., and Collin, P. (2018). Dermatitis Herpetiformis: A Common Extraintestinal Manifestation of Coeliac Disease. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050602"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.11.039","article-title":"Association between psoriasis and celiac disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2467","article-title":"Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity","volume":"44","author":"Tsoi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2011.01791.x","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of extended pedigrees confirms IL2-IL21 linkage and shows additional regions of interest potentially influencing coeliac disease risk","volume":"78","author":"Einarsdottir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Helms, C., Liao, W., Zaba, L.C., Duan, S., Gardner, J., Wise, C., Miner, A., Malloy, M.J., and Pullinger, C.R. (2008). A genome-wide association study of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis identifies new disease loci. PLoS Genet., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000041"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.017","article-title":"Diet and psoriasis, part II: Celiac disease and role of a gluten-free diet","volume":"71","author":"Bhatia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1999.0029900297","article-title":"Duration of exposure to gluten and risk for autoimmune disorders in patients with celiac disease. SIGEP Study Group. for Autoimmune Disorders in Celiac Disease","volume":"117","author":"Ventura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70134-9","article-title":"Gluten induces an intestinal cytokine response strongly dominated by interferon gamma in patients with celiac disease","volume":"115","author":"Nilsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_150","first-page":"163","article-title":"Serum interferon-gamma is a psoriasis severity and prognostic marker","volume":"84","author":"Abdallah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03240.x","article-title":"Psoriasis patients with antibodies to gliadin can be improved by a gluten-free diet","volume":"142","author":"Hagforsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.4.502","article-title":"Duration of gluten exposure in adult coeliac disease does not correlate with the risk for autoimmune disorders","volume":"49","author":"Solerio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/16\/9\/1542\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T08:27:50Z","timestamp":1789547270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/16\/9\/1542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["life16091542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life16091542","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}}}