{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:03:25Z","timestamp":1789578205172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fournier\u2019s gangrene (FG) often requires repeated aggressive debridement. Its long-term effects on continence, anal sphincter integrity, and quality of life remain insufficiently defined. Among 188 patients treated for FG between 2000 and 2021 and assessed for eligibility, 21 survivors who had perianal debridement within 5 cm of the anal verge, healed without permanent stoma, and completed the study protocol were included. Participants underwent standardized physical examination, anorectal manometry, endoanal ultrasonography, and questionnaire-based assessment of fecal incontinence and quality of life. Majority of patients were male (66.7%) with a median age of 59 years (39\u201374). The median follow-up time was 83 months (27\u2013211). On anorectal examination, 3 patients had anal fistula, 1 had anal fissure, 1 had external rectal prolapse, and 11 had decreased anal tone on digital examination. Endoanal ultrasonography demonstrated isolated external sphincter defects in 2 patients and combined external and internal sphincter defects in 2. Anorectal manometry showed decreased resting pressure in 2 patients and decreased squeeze pressure in 11. Questionnaire-based assessment demonstrated that fecal incontinence and reduced quality of life were common among long-term survivors. Long-term survivors of Fournier\u2019s gangrene frequently report fecal incontinence and reduced quality of life, although overt sphincter defects are uncommon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life16091557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1789574849000},"page":"1557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Manometric and Sonographic Examination of Anal Sphincter Complex, Fecal Incontinence and Quality of Life Outcomes in Fournier\u2019s Gangrene Survivors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"\u00d6zgen","family":"I\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ac\u0131badem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130rem Zehra","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1170-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"\u015een","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3283-1813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Bo\u011fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5882-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet Ali","family":"Akta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Tezcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8593-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ersin","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Medicana Bursa Hospital, Bursa 16110, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1924-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuncay","family":"Y\u0131lmazlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00058-0","article-title":"Fournier\u2019s Gangrene","volume":"82","author":"Morpurgo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg. 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