{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:52:47Z","timestamp":1782521567318,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ambrosia beetles, along with termites and leafcutter ants, are the only fungus-farming lineages within the tree of life. Bacteria harbored by ambrosia beetles may play an essential role in the nutritional symbiotic interactions with their associated fungi; however, little is known about the impact of rearing conditions on the microbiota of ambrosia beetles. We have used culture-independent methods to explore the effect of rearing conditions on the microbiome associated with Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus bispinatus, and Xyleborus volvulus, evaluating different media in laboratory-controlled conditions and comparing wild and laboratory conditions. Our results revealed that rearing conditions affected the fungal and bacterial microbiome structure and had a strong influence on bacterial metabolic capacities. We propose that the rearing conditions influence the ambrosia-associated fungal and bacterial communities. Furthermore, bacterial microbiome flexibility may help beetles adapt to different substrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life8040063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T03:58:17Z","timestamp":1544759897000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Impact of Rearing Conditions on the Ambrosia Beetle\u2019s Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Arturo","family":"Ibarra-Juarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico"},{"name":"C\u00e1tedras CONACyT. Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damaris","family":"Desgarennes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Biodiversidad y Sistem\u00e1tica, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirna","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Rosas-Landa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda A. C., Xalapa C.P. 91070, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Villafan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda A. 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