{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:34:20Z","timestamp":1789655660453,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lymphoma Research Foundation Career Development Award","award":["5R01DE027445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DE027445"]}]},{"name":"Leukemia Lymphoma Society Scholar in Clinical Research Career Development Program","award":["5R01DE027445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DE027445"]}]},{"name":"Sabin Fellowship Award","award":["5R01DE027445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DE027445"]}]},{"name":"R21 NIH","award":["5R01DE027445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DE027445"]}]},{"name":"M.D. Anderson Leukemia SPORE","award":["5R01DE027445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DE027445"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["5R01DE027445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DE027445"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lymphatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiotherapy and\/or chemotherapy have been used for nearly 100 years to treat lymphoma. Recently, immunotherapy has been incorporated into the treatment of lymphomas. Here, we will review both the role of immunotherapy in lymphoma as well as the feasibility of incorporating immunotherapies with conventional lymphoma treatments, especially radiotherapy. Immunotherapy agents include checkpoint inhibitors that target the PD-1\/PD-L1 axis, CTLA-4, or CD47. In addition, other immunotherapy agents such as bi-specific antibodies and CD19 CAR-T cell therapy are being implemented in various non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas. Extrapolating from observations in other disease sites and incorporating immunotherapy with conventional treatments of lymphoma, including radiotherapy, may have opposing effects. Radiotherapy may stimulate anti-tumor immune responses that synergize with immunotherapies. In contrast, radiotherapy, as well as chemotherapy, may also induce local and systemic immune dysfunction which reduces the efficacy of immunotherapies. With newer radiation treatment techniques and limited radiation fields, it is likely that the efficacy of immunotherapy can be maintained when included with conventional treatments. Therefore, there remains an unmet need to better understand the role of immunotherapy alone and in combination with current treatments in lymphoma patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/lymphatics1030018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T05:57:08Z","timestamp":1701928628000},"page":"273-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Incorporating Immunotherapy with Radiotherapy for Lymphomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7445-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Strati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Spiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32591-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 study","volume":"394","author":"Burtness","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503093","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma","volume":"372","author":"Robert","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mell, L.K., Torres-Saavedra, P., Wong, S., Chang, S., Kish, J.A., Minn, A.J., Jordan, R., Liu, T., Truong, M.T., and Winquist, E. (2022). Radiotherapy with Durvalumab vs. Cetuximab in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer and a Contraindication to Cisplatin: Phase II Results of NRG-HN004. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 114.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.09.003"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30737-3","article-title":"Avelumab plus standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01308","article-title":"Five-Year Survival Outcomes from the PACIFIC Trial: Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"40","author":"Spigel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv102","article-title":"A comprehensive review of lenalidomide therapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Witzig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_200549","article-title":"Beyond Chemotherapy: Checkpoint Inhibition and Cell-Based Therapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"38","author":"Strati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. Educ. Book"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-021-00925-1","article-title":"Bispecific Antibodies for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment","volume":"23","author":"Bock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.6.2098","article-title":"A recombinant bispecific single-chain antibody, CD19 \u00d7 CD3, induces rapid and high lymphoma-directed cytotoxicity by unstimulated T lymphocytes","volume":"95","author":"Loffler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609783","article-title":"Blinatumomab versus Chemotherapy for Advanced Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"376","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01564","article-title":"Immunotherapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma with T Cell-Redirected Bispecific Antibodies","volume":"39","author":"Lussana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00931","article-title":"Single-Agent Mosunetuzumab Shows Durable Complete Responses in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Lymphomas: Phase I Dose-Escalation Study","volume":"40","author":"Budde","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01725","article-title":"Epcoritamab, a Novel, Subcutaneous CD3 \u00d7 CD20 Bispecific T-Cell-Engaging Antibody, in Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Dose Expansion in a Phase I\/II Trial","volume":"41","author":"Thieblemont","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206913","article-title":"Glofitamab for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"387","author":"Dickinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-019-0789-z","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T Cell Therapy in Lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Strati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.22.00819","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies: A Practical Review","volume":"19","author":"Strati","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCO Oncol. Pr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2019.08.002","article-title":"Parallel Comparison of 4-1BB or CD28 Co-stimulated CD19-Targeted CAR-T Cells for B Cell Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Ying","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.304","article-title":"Ibrutinib modulates the immunosuppressive CLL microenvironment through STAT3-mediated suppression of regulatory B-cell function and inhibition of the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway","volume":"32","author":"Kondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-640912","article-title":"DC-SIGN-expressing macrophages trigger activation of mannosylated IgM B-cell receptor in follicular lymphoma","volume":"126","author":"Amin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00288","article-title":"Microenvironment Cell Contribution to Lymphoma Immunity","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cremasco, F., Menietti, E., Speziale, D., Sam, J., Sammicheli, S., Richard, M., Varol, A., Klein, C., Umana, P., and Bacac, M. (2021). Cross-linking of T cell to B cell lymphoma by the T cell bispecific antibody CD20-TCB induces IFNgamma\/CXCL10-dependent peripheral T cell recruitment in humanized murine model. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.09.332874"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00430-6","article-title":"Epcoritamab induces potent anti-tumor activity against malignant B-cells from patients with DLBCL, FL and MCL, irrespective of prior CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment","volume":"11","author":"Hiemstra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4749","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718217115","article-title":"Role of PD-1 during effector CD8 T cell differentiation","volume":"115","author":"Ahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14572","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14572","article-title":"Tumour and host cell PD-L1 is required to mediate suppression of anti-tumour immunity in mice","volume":"8","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1790","article-title":"Interactions between PD-1 and PD-L1 promote tolerance by blocking the TCR-induced stop signal","volume":"10","author":"Fife","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-023-00396-0","article-title":"PD-L1(+) macrophages are associated with favorable features in primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Steiner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.59.5363","article-title":"Mechanisms of Action of Lenalidomide in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"33","author":"Gribben","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007104","article-title":"SIRPalpha+ macrophages are increased in patients with FL who progress or relapse after frontline lenalidomide and rituximab","volume":"6","author":"Parra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005722","article-title":"Follicular lymphoma and macrophages: Impact of approved and novel therapies","volume":"5","author":"Gouni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1807315","article-title":"CD47 Blockade by Hu5F9-G4 and Rituximab in Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"379","author":"Advani","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.021","article-title":"Dynamic CD8(+) T cell responses to cancer immunotherapy in human regional lymph nodes are disrupted in metastatic lymph nodes","volume":"186","author":"Rahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbaa003","article-title":"Benign lymph node microenvironment is associated with response to immunotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Toki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Precis. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000450","article-title":"Molecular Classification and Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Roschewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01389","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in Relapsed or Refractory Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"37","author":"Armand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01492","article-title":"Nivolumab Combined with Brentuximab Vedotin for Relapsed\/Refractory Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Efficacy and Safety From the Phase II CheckMate 436 Study","volume":"37","author":"Zinzani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2019.12.008","article-title":"Priming and Propagating Anti-tumor Immunity: Focal Hypofractionated Radiation for in Situ Vaccination and Systemic Targeted Radionuclide Theranostics for Immunomodulation of Tumor Microenvironments","volume":"30","author":"Jagodinsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591139","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.591139","article-title":"Tumor-Specific Antibody, Cetuximab, Enhances the In Situ Vaccine Effect of Radiation in Immunologically Cold Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-20-00065.1","article-title":"Evidence for Early Stage Anti-Tumor Immunity Elicited by Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy-Immunotherapy Combinations","volume":"194","author":"Johnsrud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6437","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-1790","article-title":"Improved Survival Associated with Local Tumor Response Following Multisite Radiotherapy and Pembrolizumab: Secondary Analysis of a Phase I Trial","volume":"26","author":"Luke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041511","article-title":"131I-tositumomab therapy as initial treatment for follicular lymphoma","volume":"352","author":"Kaminski","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017015","article-title":"Oligoclonal T-cell expansion in a patient with bone marrow failure after CD19 CAR-T therapy for Richter-transformed DLBCL","volume":"140","author":"Rejeski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.11.076","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of yttrium-90-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy versus rituximab immunotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"20","author":"Witzig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0743","article-title":"In Situ Vaccination with a TLR9 Agonist and Local Low-Dose Radiation Induces Systemic Responses in Untreated Indolent Lymphoma","volume":"8","author":"Frank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766200","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.766200","article-title":"Combination of Anti-PD-1 Antibody, Anlotinib and Pegaspargase \"Sandwich\" With Radiotherapy in Localized Natural Killer\/T Cell Lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2018.05.002","article-title":"Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in combination with sequential involved-site radiotherapy in heavily pretreated refractory Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Quero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1667\/RR15048.1","article-title":"Complete Local and Abscopal Responses from a Combination of Radiation and Nivolumab in Refractory Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma","volume":"190","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9080","DOI":"10.4081\/hr.2021.9080","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy as salvage treatment for relapsed\/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A retrospective analysis in 12 patients","volume":"13","author":"Lucchini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2015.0151","article-title":"Survival in Patients With Severe Lymphopenia Following Treatment With Radiation and Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Solid Tumors","volume":"13","author":"Grossman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.01.003","article-title":"The impact of radiation induced lymphopenia in the prognosis of head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8363","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911378107","article-title":"Inhibition of Mac-1 (CD11b\/CD18) enhances tumor response to radiation by reducing myeloid cell recruitment","volume":"107","author":"Ahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.10.014","article-title":"Selective changes in the immune profile of tumor-draining lymph nodes after different neoadjuvant chemoradiation regimens for locally advanced cervical cancer","volume":"76","author":"Battaglia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"3541","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Severe Lymphopenia During Pelvic Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Cervical Cancer","volume":"36","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00769-0","article-title":"Effects of concurrent cisplatinum administration during radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone on the immune function of patients with cancer of the uterine cervix","volume":"48","author":"Santin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.11.013","article-title":"Lymphopenia and its association with survival in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer","volume":"140","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1976.tb00851.x","article-title":"Radiation-induced immune changes in patients with cancer of the cervix","volume":"83","author":"Yamagata","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108532","article-title":"Long term effects of radiation of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin\u2019s disease","volume":"58","author":"Fuks","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002715","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002715","article-title":"Combination of radiation therapy, bempegaldesleukin, and checkpoint blockade eradicates advanced solid tumors and metastases in mice","volume":"9","author":"Pieper","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2722","article-title":"A Phase II Study of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Human Papillomavirus-associated Epithelial Cancers","volume":"25","author":"Stevanovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000867","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000867","article-title":"Tumor-draining lymph node is important for a robust abscopal effect stimulated by radiotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Buchwald","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7015","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34676-w","article-title":"Elective nodal irradiation mitigates local and systemic immunity generated by combination radiation and immunotherapy in head and neck tumors","volume":"13","author":"Darragh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5058","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3427","article-title":"Elective Nodal Irradiation Attenuates the Combinatorial Efficacy of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Marciscano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31941-w","article-title":"Lymphatic-preserving treatment sequencing with immune checkpoint inhibition unleashes cDC1-dependent antitumor immunity in HNSCC","volume":"13","author":"Faraji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.02.022","article-title":"Use of extracranial radiation therapy in metastatic melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy","volume":"127","author":"Gabani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"A2","article-title":"O001\/#504\u2005Durvalumab, in combination with and following chemoradiotherapy, in locally advanced cervical cancer: Results from the phase 3 international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled calla trial","volume":"32","author":"Monk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.05.005","article-title":"Modern radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: Field and dose guidelines from the international lymphoma radiation oncology group (ILROG)","volume":"89","author":"Specht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.02.636","article-title":"Abscopal Regressions of Lymphoma After Involved-Site Radiation Therapy Confirmed by Positron Emission Tomography","volume":"108","author":"MacManus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0410-x","article-title":"Systemic clinical tumor regressions and potentiation of PD1 blockade with in situ vaccination","volume":"25","author":"Hammerich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000284","article-title":"Radiation Priming Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed\/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with High Tumor Burden","volume":"43","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc0666","article-title":"Increased intensity lymphodepletion and adoptive immunotherapy--how far can we go?","volume":"3","author":"Muranski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-03-900928","article-title":"CAR-T efficacy: Is conditioning the key?","volume":"133","author":"Neelapu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050732","article-title":"Removal of homeostatic cytokine sinks by lymphodepletion enhances the efficacy of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells","volume":"202","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.71.3024","article-title":"Lymphoma Remissions Caused by Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Are Associated with High Serum Interleukin-15 Levels","volume":"35","author":"Kochenderfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355ra116","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf8621","article-title":"Immunotherapy of non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma with a defined ratio of CD8+ and CD4+ CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells","volume":"8","author":"Turtle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-887067","article-title":"The response to lymphodepletion impacts PFS in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with CD19 CAR T cells","volume":"133","author":"Hirayama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-124492","article-title":"Correlation of Bridging and Lymphodepleting Chemotherapy with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Tisagenlecleucel","volume":"134","author":"Andreadis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01704-z","article-title":"Impact of conditioning chemotherapy on lymphocyte kinetics and outcomes in LBCL patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"36","author":"Strati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001837","article-title":"Bridging therapy prior to axicabtagene ciloleucel for relapsed\/refractory large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"4","author":"Pinnix","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002509","article-title":"Hematopoietic recovery in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies","volume":"4","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.254045","article-title":"Hematopoietic recovery and immune reconstitution after axicabtagene ciloleucel in patients with large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"106","author":"Strati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28318","article-title":"Myelosuppression after frontline fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Analysis of persistent and new-onset cytopenia","volume":"119","author":"Strati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101158","article-title":"Prolonged cytopenia following CD19 CAR T cell therapy is linked with bone marrow infiltration of clonally expanded IFNgamma-expressing CD8 T cells","volume":"4","author":"Strati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."}],"container-title":["Lymphatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2813-3307\/1\/3\/18\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:34:35Z","timestamp":1760132075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2813-3307\/1\/3\/18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["lymphatics1030018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/lymphatics1030018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-3307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-3307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]}}}