{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:11:16Z","timestamp":1791461476701,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a novel approach for gradient based maximization of phononic band gaps. The approach is a geometry projection method combining parametric shape optimization with density based topology optimization. By this approach, we obtain, in a two dimension setting, cellular structures exhibiting relative and normalized band gaps of more than 8 and 1.6, respectively. The controlling parameter is the minimal strut size, which also corresponds with the obtained stiffness of the structure. The resulting design principle is manually interpreted into a three dimensional structure from which cellular metal samples are fabricated by selective electron beam melting. Frequency response diagrams experimentally verify the numerically determined phononic band gaps of the structures. The resulting structures have band gaps down to the audible frequency range, qualifying the structures for an application in noise isolation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10101125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T11:03:15Z","timestamp":1506078195000},"page":"1125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Design and Additive Manufacturing of 3D Phononic Band Gap Structures Based on Gradient Based Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2909-4907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Wormser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 90762 F\u00fcrth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3896-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Wein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Mathematik, Mathematical Optimization, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 90762 F\u00fcrth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stingl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Mathematik, Mathematical Optimization, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 90762 F\u00fcrth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"K\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Technology for Metals (WTM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 90762 F\u00fcrth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630004","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217984916300040","article-title":"The phononic crystals: An unending quest for tailoring acoustics","volume":"30","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mod. 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