{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:00:51Z","timestamp":1785783651254,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We explored the photocatalytic capacities of cementitious materials (cement paste and mortar) incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2). P-25 is a commercial TiO2 preparation which, if incorporated into large civil buildings, is extremely expensive. It is essential to produce low-cost TiO2. A cheap anatase form of TiO2 powder, NP-400, manufactured under relatively low burning temperature, was considered in this paper. Addition of NP-400 to 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt % did not significantly affect the compressive strengths of mortar or cement paste. However, the compressive strengths of P-25-containing specimens were more consistent than those of NP-400-containing materials. The nitrogen oxide (NO) removal efficiencies by mortar with 5 and 10 wt % TiO2 were similar at ca. 14\u201316%; the removal efficiency by mortar with 20 wt % NP-400 was ca. 70%. Although the NP-400 cluster size was almost halved by ultrasonication, NO removal efficiency was not enhanced. Removal was enhanced by the presence of accessible surface area: NP-400 dispersed in these surfaces readily adsorbed NO, aided by the large surface areas of the top and bottom faces. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM\u2013EDX) confirmed that NP-400 tended to sink when added to cement, fine aggregates, and water because the true densities of P-25, NP-400, and cement powder differed (3.41, 3.70, and 3.15 g\/mL). The true density of NP-400 was thus the highest of all ingredients. The relatively low apparent density of P-25 compared to that of NP-400 was associated with a more bulky distribution of P-25 within cementitious materials. Nevertheless, NP-400 could be a viable alternative to the definitive product, P-25.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11060877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T02:55:43Z","timestamp":1527130543000},"page":"877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Nitrogen Oxides Mitigation Efficiency of Cementitious Materials Incorporated with TiO2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Inkyu","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Housing Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Beom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2003.12.011","article-title":"Inhibition effect of SO2 on NO and VOCs during the photodegradation of synchronous indoor air pollutants at parts per billion (ppb) level by TiO2","volume":"49","author":"Aoa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. 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