{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T18:43:34Z","timestamp":1781549014515,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41472222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41472222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41672224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41672224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC0400701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0400701"]}]},{"name":"Henan province transportation science and technology project","award":["2017J4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017J4-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to prepare parabolic superhydrophobic materials, copper meshes were used as the substrate and ultrasonic etching and oxidative corrosion were carried out with FeCl3 solution and H2O2 solution, respectively, and then the surface was modified with stearic acid (SA). The topological structure and surface wettability of the prepared mesh were characterized by fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurement. Finally, the as-prepared copper meshes were applied to oil-water separation. The results showed that the micro-nano-mastoid structure on the surface of the copper mesh was flaky bulges, forming a rough structure similar to a paraboloid. When the oxidative corrosion time of H2O2 was 1 min, it is more beneficial to increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of the copper mesh and increase the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of the membrane. Additionally, based on superhydrophobic materials of the parabolic copper mesh, the static contact angles of the water droplets, engine oil and carbon tetrachloride with the surface were approximately 153.6\u00b0, 5\u00b0 and 0.1\u00b0, respectively and the sliding angle of the water droplets with the surface were approximately 4.9\u00b0. The parabolic membrane was applied to discuss the separation efficiency of different oils with deionized water and the separation efficiency was obtained as benzene &gt; carbon tetrachloride &gt; oil &gt; machine oil. Therefore, based on the research, the parabolic superhydrophobic material has good efficiency of oil-water separation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11101914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T11:10:44Z","timestamp":1539083444000},"page":"1914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Preparation of Parabolic Superhydrophobic Material for Oil-Water Separation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Groundwater and Ecological Environment in Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019a 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengke","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Groundwater and Ecological Environment in Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019a 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Groundwater and Ecological Environment in Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019a 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dooge Centre for Water Resource Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.01.027","article-title":"Design and preparation of efficient, stable and superhydrophobic copper foam membrane for selective oil absorption and consecutive oil\u2013water separation","volume":"142","author":"Rong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.02.238","article-title":"On-demand oil-water separation via low-voltage wettability switching of core-shell structures on copper substrates","volume":"112","author":"Kung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.11.060","article-title":"Highly efficient oil-in-water emulsion and oil layer\/water mixture separation based on durably superhydrophobic sponge prepared via a facile route","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.10.059","article-title":"Hot water-repellent and mechanically durable superhydrophobic mesh for oil\/water separation","volume":"512","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interfaces Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.08.183","article-title":"Effective preparation of magnetic superhydrophobic Fe3O4\/PU sponge for oil-water separation","volume":"427","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, F., Wang, Z., Pan, Y., and Zhao, X. (2017). A Facile and Effective Method to Fabricate Superhydrophobic\/Superoeophilic Surface for the Separation of Both Water\/Oil Mixtures and Water-in-Oil Emulsions. Polymers, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9110563"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avr\u0103mescu, R.E., Ghica, M.V., Dinup\u00eervu, C., Prisada, R., and Popa, L. (2018). Superhydrophobic Natural and Artificial Surfaces-A Structural Approach. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11050866"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"171","article-title":"An Essay on the Cohesion of Fluids","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"1805","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1021\/ie50320a024","article-title":"Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water","volume":"28","author":"Wenzel","year":"1936","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1039\/tf9444000546","article-title":"Wettability of porous surfaces","volume":"40","author":"Cassie","year":"1944","journal-title":"Trans. Faraday Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7097","DOI":"10.1021\/la049329e","article-title":"Transition between superhydrophobic states on rough surfaces","volume":"20","author":"Patankar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Langmuir ACS J. Surg. Colloid"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2008.06.044","article-title":"3-D thermodynamic analysis of superhydrophobic surfaces","volume":"326","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interfaces Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7573","DOI":"10.1021\/la800304r","article-title":"From hygrophilic to superhygrophobic: Theoretical conditions for making high-contact-angle surfaces from low-contact-angle materials","volume":"24","author":"Marmur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir ACS J. Surg. Colloid"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Zhang, H. (2013). Effect of Superhydrophobic Surface Microstructure on Hydrophobic Properties and Its Application, Xiangtan University. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53802","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA08478D","article-title":"A facile one-step spray-coating process for the fabrication of superhydrophobic attapulgite coated mesh used in oil\/water separation","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b00820","article-title":"Preparation of efficient, stable and reusable laccase-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid microspheres based on copper foil for decolouration of Congo red","volume":"5","author":"Rong","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10005","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b11586","article-title":"Centrifugation-Assisted Fog-Collecting Abilities of Metal-Foam Structures with Different Surface Wettabilities","volume":"8","author":"Ji","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.04.012","article-title":"Preparation of superhydrophobic\/oleophilic copper mesh for oil-water separation","volume":"412","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2017.11.043","article-title":"Blend-electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride)\/stearic acid membranes for efficient separation of water-in-oil emulsions","volume":"538","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2014.01.005","article-title":"Preparation of superhydrophobic films on copper substrate for corrosion protection","volume":"244","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2016.08.035","article-title":"Preparation of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic nanostructured layer on steel mesh for oil-water separation","volume":"172","author":"Khosravi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6461","DOI":"10.1021\/ma200852z","article-title":"Electrospinning Superhydrophobic Fibers Using Surface Segregating End-Functionalized Polymer Additives","volume":"44","author":"Hardman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2007.04.086","article-title":"Fabrication of a super-hydrophobic nanofibrous zinc oxide film surface by electrospinning","volume":"516","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14726","DOI":"10.1021\/la2041168","article-title":"Carbon nanotube-based robust steamphobic surfaces","volume":"27","author":"Badge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir ACS J. Surg. Colloids"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2017.02.058","article-title":"Porous superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surfaces prepared by template assisted chemical vapor deposition","volume":"315","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10702","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5b02734","article-title":"One-Step Spray-Coating Process for the Fabrication of Colorful Superhydrophobic Coatings with Excellent Corrosion Resistance","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langmuir ACS J. Surg. Colloids"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-015-0866-3","article-title":"Electrochemical behaviour of superhydrophobic coating fabricated by spraying a carbon nanotube suspension","volume":"38","author":"Belsanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Peng, J., Li, X., Huang, J., Qiu, R., Zhang, Z., and Ren, L. (2017). Wettability and Contact Time on a Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surface. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10030254"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.07.023","article-title":"A facile and novel emulsion for efficient and convenient fabrication of durable superhydrophobic materials","volume":"328","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2018.03.058","article-title":"Simplified and robust adhesive-free superhydrophobic SiO2-decorated PVDF membranes for efficient oil\/water separation","volume":"555","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.04.034","article-title":"Facile preparation of superhydrophobic metal foam for durable and high efficient continuous oil-water separation","volume":"322","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.04.146","article-title":"Fabrication of robust surfaces with special wettability on porous copper substrates for various oil\/water separations","volume":"347","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.10.029","article-title":"Fabrication of nano-structured super-hydrophobic film on aluminum by controllable immersing method","volume":"258","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.09.001","article-title":"Facile preparation of superhydrophobic copper surface by HNO3 etching technique with the assistance of CTAB and ultrasonication","volume":"257","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2017.09.055","article-title":"Facile Design of Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Copper Mesh Assisted by Candle Soot for Oil Water Separation","volume":"537","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beshkar, F., Khojasteh, H., and Salavatiniasari, M. (2017). Flower-Like CuO\/ZnO Hybrid Hierarchical Nanostructures Grown on Copper Substrate: Glycothermal Synthesis, Characterization, Hydrophobic and Anticorrosion Properties. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10070697"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1021\/la802667b","article-title":"When Wenzel and Cassie are right: Reconciling local and global considerations","volume":"25","author":"Marmur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir ACS J. Surg. Colloids"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4256","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19044256","article-title":"Superhydrophobic surfaces developed by mimicking hierarchical surface morphology of lotus leaf","volume":"19","author":"Latthe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2015.08.166","article-title":"Superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surfaces prepared by chemical etching process and their corrosion resistance properties","volume":"356","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.06.159","article-title":"Superhydrophobic copper coating: Switchable wettability, on-demand oil-water separation, and antifouling","volume":"327","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.10.183","article-title":"Fabrication of a novel superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surface by one-step electrodeposition method for continuous oil\/water separation","volume":"434","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2018.05.006","article-title":"One-step method for fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surface for water-oil separation","volume":"552","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.08.119","article-title":"Preparation of CuWO4 @Cu2O film on copper mesh by anodization for oil\/water separation and aqueous pollutant degradation","volume":"307","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.10.198","article-title":"Superhydrophobic Cu2S@Cu2O film on copper surface fabricated by a facile chemical bath deposition method and its application in oil-water separation","volume":"396","author":"Pi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.01.233","article-title":"Fabrication of superhydrophobic-superoleophilic copper mesh via thermal oxidation and its application in oil\u2013water separation","volume":"367","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1672-6529(16)60416-X","article-title":"Fabrication of Bioinspired Structured Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Copper Mesh for Efficient Oil-water Separation","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bionic Eng."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Zhang, R. (2012). Study on Drag Reduction Mechanism of Nano-Particle Adsorption Microchannel and LBM Simulation, Shanghai University. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Huang, X. (2012). Preparation of Superhydrophobic\/Super-Lipophilic Waterborne Epoxy Resin Emulsion Coating and Its Application in Oil-Water Separation Filter Paper, South China University of Technology. (In Chinese)."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/11\/10\/1914\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:24:30Z","timestamp":1760196270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/11\/10\/1914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ma11101914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma11101914","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]}}}