{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T09:09:59Z","timestamp":1778576999402,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Emerging Talents Initiative (ETI)","award":["2018\/2_Tech_06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/2_Tech_06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new recycling and film formation scheme is developed for spent Li-ion batteries, which involves the combination of ascorbic-assisted sulfuric leaching and electrodeposition to fabricate a corrosion resistance superhydrophobic coating. The idea behind the simultaneous use of sulfuric and ascorbic is to benefit from the double effect of ascorbic acid, as a leaching reducing agent and as morphological modifier during electrodeposition. Quantum chemical calculations based on the density functional theory are performed to explain the cobalt-ascorbate complexation during the electrocristalization. The optimum parameters for the leaching step are directly utilized in the preparation of an electrolyte for the electrodeposition process, to fabricate a superhydrophobic film with a contact angle of &gt;150\u00b0 on plain carbon steel. The potentiodynamic polarization measurments in 3.5 wt % NaCl showed that boric-pulsed electrodeposited cobalt film has 20-times lower corrosion current density and higher corrosion potential than those on the non-coated substrate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12010090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T11:52:42Z","timestamp":1545997962000},"page":"90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Recycled Cobalt from Spent Li-ion Batteries as a Superhydrophobic Coating for Corrosion Protection of Plain Carbon Steel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Rafsanjani-Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7128-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Shalchian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jalil","family":"Vahdati-Khaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Babakhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8861-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saman","family":"Hosseinpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich\u2013Alexander\u2013Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5466-1689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/451652a","article-title":"Building better batteries","volume":"451","author":"Armand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2015.03.164","article-title":"Lithium and lithium ion batteries for applications in microelectronic devices: A review","volume":"286","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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