{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:38:04Z","timestamp":1789990684700,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]],"date-time":"2019-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Implanted biomedical devices can induce adverse responses in the human body, which can cause failure of the implant\u2014referred to as implant failure. Early implant failure is induced numerous factors, most importantly, infection and inflammation. Natural products are, today, one of the main sources of new drug molecules due to the development of pathogenic bacterial strains that possess resistance to more antibiotics used currently in various diseases. The aim of this work is the sol\u2013gel synthesis of antibacterial biomedical implants. In the silica matrix, different percentages (6, 12, 24, 50 wt %) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL) were embedded. Subsequently, the ethanol solutions with high amounts of chlorogenic acid (CGA 20 wt %) were slowly added to SiO2\/PEG and SiO2\/PCL sol. The interactions among different organic and inorganic phases in the hybrid materials was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the materials were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days and the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on their surface was evaluated by FTIR and XRD analysis. Finally, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were incubated with several hybrids, and the diameter of zone of inhibition was observed to assessment the potential antibacterial properties of the hybrids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12010155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T03:06:06Z","timestamp":1547003166000},"page":"155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Sol\u2013Gel Synthesis of Silica-Based Materials with Different Percentages of PEG or PCL and High Chlorogenic Acid Content"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Tranquillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0890-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Barrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Dal Poggetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecoricerche srl, via Principi Normanni 36, 81043 Capua Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9252-9435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignazio","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture and UdR-Catania Consorzio INSTM, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14459","DOI":"10.4137\/PMC.S14459","article-title":"Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century","volume":"6","author":"Fair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect. 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