{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:40:30Z","timestamp":1792014030614,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitrogen-doped carbon materials with enhanced CO2 adsorption were prepared by the salt and base co-activation method. First, resorcinol-formaldehyde resin was synthesized with a certain salt as an additive and used as a precursor. Next, the resulting precursor was mixed with KOH and subsequently carbonized under ammonia flow to finally obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon materials. A series of samples, with and without the addition of different salts, were prepared, characterized by XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), elemental analysis, BET (N2-adsorption-desorption analysis), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and tested for CO2 adsorption. The results showed that the salt and base co-activation method has a remarkable enhancing effect on the CO2 capture capacity. The combination of KCl and KOH was proved to be the best combination, and 167.15 mg CO2 could be adsorbed with 1 g nitrogen-doped carbon at 30 \u00b0C under 1 atm pressure. The materials characterizations revealed that the introduction of the base and salt could greatly increase the content of doped nitrogen, the surface area and the amount of formed micropore, which led to enhanced CO2 absorption of the carbon materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12081207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T12:55:04Z","timestamp":1555073704000},"page":"1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhanced CO2 Adsorption on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials by Salt and Base Co-Activation Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ruiping","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingchao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1021\/ie200686q","article-title":"Post-combustion CO2 capture using solid sorbents: A review","volume":"51","author":"Samanta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(08)60002-9","article-title":"Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture: A review","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7896","DOI":"10.1021\/ja901483e","article-title":"Carbon dioxide and methane transport in DDR zeolite insights from molecular simulations into carbon dioxide separations in small pore zeolites","volume":"131","author":"Jee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1021\/ef901077k","article-title":"Adsorption of CO2 on amine-functionalized Y-type zeolites","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.201200089","article-title":"Adsorption of carbon dioxide on sodium and potassium forms of STI zeolite","volume":"77","author":"Zukal","year":"2012","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Zambrano, K., Lima Duarte, L., Soares Maia, D., Vilarrasa-Garc\u00eda, E., Bastos-Neto, M., Rodr\u00edguez-Castell\u00f3n, E., and Silva de Azevedo, D. (2018). CO2 capture with mesoporous silicas modified with amines by double functionalization: assessment of adsorption\/desorption cycles. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11060887"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15468","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cp20943d","article-title":"Thermodynamics of CO2 adsorption on functionalized SBA-15 silica. NLDFT analysis of surface energetic heterogeneity","volume":"13","author":"Zukal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6784","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra21017g","article-title":"Fabrication and CO2 adsorption performance of bimodal porous silica hollow spheres with amine-modified surfaces","volume":"2","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.3390\/ma8052495","article-title":"\u201cLow Cost\u201d pore expanded SBA-15 functionalized with amine groups applied to CO2 adsorption","volume":"8","author":"Cecilia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6030981","article-title":"Grafting of amines on ethanol-extracted SBA-15 for CO2 adsorption","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24804","DOI":"10.1021\/jp207625c","article-title":"Effect of zirconia doping on the structure and stability of CaO-based sorbents for CO2 capture during extended operating cycles","volume":"115","author":"Koirala","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7526","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee21409a","article-title":"Synthesis of high-temperature CO2 adsorbents from organo-layered double hydroxides with markedly improved CO2 capture capacity","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201104787","article-title":"Synthesis of highly efficient, Ca-Based, Al2O3-stabilized, carbon gel-templated CO2 sorbents","volume":"24","author":"Broda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17998","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0570032","article-title":"Metal-organic frameworks with exceptionally high capacity for storage of carbon dioxide at room temperature","volume":"127","author":"Millward","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junghans, U., Kobalz, M., Erhart, O., Prei\u00dfler, H., Lincke, J., M\u00f6llmer, J., Krautscheid, H., and Gl\u00e4ser, R. (2017). A Series of robust copper-based triazolyl isophthalate MOFs: Impact of linker functionalization on gas sorption and catalytic activity. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10040338"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1021\/cg100646e","article-title":"Functionalized MOFs for enhanced CO2 capture","volume":"10","author":"Torrisi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Zhang, H., Song, F., Huang, T., Ji, J., Zhong, Q., Chu, W., and Xu, Q. (2018). UiO-66-NH2\/GO composite: synthesis, characterization and CO2 adsorption performance. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11040589"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17257","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b04600","article-title":"Database for CO2 separation performances of MOFs based on computational materials screening","volume":"10","author":"Altintas","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, A., Wong-Ng, W., Cockayne, E., Culp, J., and Matranga, C. (2019). Structural basis of CO2 adsorption in a flexible metal-organic framework material. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9030354"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201000083","article-title":"High-surface-area carbon molecular sieves for selective CO2 adsorption","volume":"3","author":"Wahby","year":"2010","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6840","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cc11618e","article-title":"Ultrahigh CO2 adsorption capacity on carbon molecular sieves at room temperature","volume":"47","author":"Wahby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2005.01.003","article-title":"CO2 capture by activated and impregnated anthracites","volume":"86","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alghamdi, A., Alshahrani, A., Khdary, N., Alharthi, F., Alattas, H., and Adil, S. (2018). Enhanced CO2 adsorption by nitrogen-doped graphene oxide sheets (N-GOs) prepared by employing polymeric precursors. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11040578"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, Y.-C., Hsu, W.-L., Lin, S.-Y., and Juang, R.-S. (2017). Enhanced CO2 adsorption on activated carbon fibers grafted with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10050511"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2010.10.050","article-title":"A direct synthesis of mesoporous carbon supported MgO sorbent for CO2 capture","volume":"90","author":"Bhagiyalakshmi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500867","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201500867","article-title":"Generalized mechanochemical synthesis of biomass-derived sustainable carbons for high performance CO2 storage","volume":"5","author":"Balahmar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6104641","article-title":"CO2 separation and capture properties of porous carbonaceous materials from leather residues","volume":"6","author":"Dominguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b10433","article-title":"Optimization of the pore structure of biomass-based carbons in relation to their use for CO2 capture under low- and high-pressure regimes","volume":"10","author":"Sevilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.09.040","article-title":"CO2 adsorption at nitrogen-doped carbons prepared by K2CO3 activation of urea-modified coconut shell","volume":"511","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17299","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA07305K","article-title":"Fabrication of nitrogen-doped porous carbons for highly efficient CO2 capture: rational choice of a polymer precursor","volume":"4","author":"Kou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.11.043","article-title":"CO2 capture by nitrogen-doped porous carbons derived from nitrogen-containing hyper-cross-linked polymers","volume":"513","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200903765","article-title":"Rapid synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon monolith for CO2 capture","volume":"22","author":"Hao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2007.06.001","article-title":"CO2 capture by adsorption with nitrogen enriched carbons","volume":"86","author":"Plaza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15939","DOI":"10.1021\/ja907098f","article-title":"Simultaneous nitrogen doping and reduction of graphene oxide","volume":"131","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2008.05.239","article-title":"Surface modification of activated carbons for CO2 capture","volume":"254","author":"Pevida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.04.099","article-title":"Ammoxidation of carbon materials for CO2 capture","volume":"256","author":"Plaza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(00)00319-5","article-title":"Surface chemistry, pore sizes and adsorption properties of activated carbon fibers and precursors treated with ammonia","volume":"39","author":"Mangun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1021\/ma400496q","article-title":"Microporous polyimides with uniform pores for adsorption and separation of CO2 gas and organic vapors","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.1021\/cs5008206","article-title":"Highly selective two-electron oxygen reduction catalyzed by mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon","volume":"4","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2017.08.012","article-title":"Ultra-microporous N-doped carbon from polycondensed framework precursor for CO2 adsorption","volume":"257","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.10.198","article-title":"Simple synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymer network and its further amination with PEI for CO2 adsorption","volume":"434","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2013.08.034","article-title":"Enhancement of CO2 adsorption on phenolic resin-based mesoporous carbons by KOH activation","volume":"65","author":"Wickramaratne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2014.02.009","article-title":"Simple fabrication of an ordered nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon with resorcinol-melamine-formaldehyde resin","volume":"190","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2012.09.018","article-title":"Determination of the optimal pore size for improved CO2 adsorption in activated carbon fibers","volume":"389","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1039\/C2TA00388K","article-title":"Importance of small micropores in CO2 capture by phenolic resin-based activated carbon spheres","volume":"1","author":"Wickramaratne","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2010.08.048","article-title":"Effect of heat treatment on CO2 adsorption of KOH-activated graphite nanofibers","volume":"352","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02420","article-title":"Ultrahigh gas storage both at low and high pressures in KOH-activated carbonized porous aromatic frameworks","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21237","DOI":"10.1021\/am506176e","article-title":"Influence of porous texture and surface chemistry on the CO2 adsorption capacity of porous carbons: acidic and basic site interactions","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.07.046","article-title":"Comparative study of activation methods to design nitrogen-doped ultra-microporous carbons as efficient contenders for CO2 capture","volume":"352","author":"Rehman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.05.017","article-title":"Comprehensive study of ultra-microporous nitrogen-doped activated carbon for CO2 capture","volume":"93","author":"Sethia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59754","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA11148F","article-title":"Highly efficient carbon catalyzed aerobic selective oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohols under transition-metal and heteroatom free conditions","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6478","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7478","article-title":"Carbon-catalysed reductive hydrogen atom transfer reactions","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5947","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201102011","article-title":"Extension of the st\u00f6ber method to the preparation of monodisperse resorcinol-formaldehyde resin polymer and carbon spheres","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13287","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9008674","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption of NOx on commercial ceria-zirconia (CexZr1\u2212xO2) mixed oxides: a combined TGA, TPD-MS, and DRIFTS study","volume":"113","author":"Azambre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1021\/ie061042k","article-title":"Nonequilibrium kinetic model that describes the reversible adsorption and desorption behavior of CO2 in a K-promoted hydrotalcite-like compound","volume":"46","author":"Ebner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1021\/ef020058u","article-title":"Novel polyethylenimine-modified mesoporous molecular sieve of MCM-41 type as high-capacity adsorbent for CO2 capture","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/12\/8\/1207\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:45:05Z","timestamp":1760186705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/12\/8\/1207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ma12081207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12081207","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]]}}}