{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T16:31:54Z","timestamp":1773678714003,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006004","name":"Tohoku University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18GK0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18GK0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Titanium carbide (TiC), is the most thermodynamically stable compound in the Ti\u2013C\u2013Cu system, which makes it a suitable reinforcement phase for copper matrix composites. In this work, the interaction of a Ti\u2013Cu alloy with different forms of carbon was investigated to trace the structural evolution leading to the formation of in-situ TiC\u2013Cu composite structures. The reaction mixtures were prepared from Ti25Cu75 alloy ribbons and carbon black or nanodiamonds to test the possibilities of obtaining fine particles of TiC using ball milling and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). It was found that the behavior of the reaction mixtures during ball milling depends on the nature of the carbon source. Model experiments were conducted to observe the outcomes of the diffusion processes at the alloy\/carbon interface. It was found that titanium atoms diffuse to the alloy\/graphite interface and react with carbon forming a titanium carbide layer, but carbon does not diffuse into the alloy. The diffusion experiments as well as the synthesis by ball milling and SPS indicated that the distribution of TiC particles in the composite structures obtained via reactive solid-state processing of Ti25Cu75+C follows the distribution of carbon particles in the reaction mixtures. This justifies the use of carbon sources that have fine particles to prepare the reaction mixtures as well as efficient dispersion of the carbon component in the alloy\u2013carbon mixture when the goal is to synthesize fine particles of TiC in the copper matrix.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12091482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T08:19:59Z","timestamp":1557389999000},"page":"1482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Interaction of a Ti\u2013Cu Alloy with Carbon: Synthesis of Composites and Model Experiments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0010-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina V.","family":"Dudina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 15, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomila M.","family":"Vidyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Institutskaya str. 4\/1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michail A.","family":"Korchagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander I.","family":"Gavrilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia V.","family":"Bulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze str. 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4845-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksim A.","family":"Esikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 15, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Novosibirsk State Technical University, K. Marx Ave. 20, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanari","family":"Datekyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-796X(00)00024-3","article-title":"Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of in situ metal matrix composites","volume":"29","author":"Tjong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. 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