{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:00:15Z","timestamp":1776117615571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this work is to study the activity of novel TiO2-based photocatalysts doped with either phosphorus or zirconium under a UV-Vis source. A set of mesoporous catalysts was prepared by the direct synthesis: TiO2_A and TiO2_B (titanium oxide synthesized by two different procedures), P-TiO2 and Zr-TiO2 (binary oxides with either nonmetal or metal into the TiO2 framework). Complementary characterizations (N2 physisorption at 77 K, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and (DR)UV-Vis spectroscopy) were used to investigate the physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts. Then, the photocatalysts were tested for the oxidation of propylene and ethylene under UV-Vis light. As a result, the most promising catalyst for both the propylene and ethylene oxidation reactions was the P-TiO2 (propylene conversion = 27.8% and ethylene conversion = 13%, TOS = 3 h), thus confirming the beneficial effect of P-doping into the TiO2 framework on the photocatalytic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12132121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T10:54:47Z","timestamp":1561978487000},"page":"2121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Photocatalytic Abatement of Volatile Organic Compounds by TiO2 Nanoparticles Doped with Either Phosphorous or Zirconium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6172-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melodj","family":"Dosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Piumetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Bensaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahrizi","family":"Andana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Galletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Fino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nunzio","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ojala, S. (2005). Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds and Malodorous Organic Compounds. [Ph.D. Thesis, Oulu University]."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Moretti, E. (2001). Practical Solutions for Reducing Volatile Organic Compounds and Hazardous Air Pollutants, American Institute of Chemical Engineers."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-011-9747-1","article-title":"Catalysis in VOC abatement","volume":"Volume 54","author":"Ojala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Topics in Catalysis"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Finlayson-Pitts, B.J., and Pitts, J.N. (2000). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere: Theory, Experiments and Applications, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2004.03.019","article-title":"Catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds","volume":"109","author":"Everaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8580","DOI":"10.1021\/es901688e","article-title":"Speciated VOC Emission Inventory and Spatial Patterns of Ozone Formation Potential in the Pearl River Delta, China","volume":"43","author":"Zheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.01.010","article-title":"Chemical composition of major VOC emission sources in the Seoul atmosphere","volume":"55","author":"Na","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.012","article-title":"Human health effects of air pollution","volume":"151","author":"Kampa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/09603129509356840","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air mutagenicity: Results of one year monitoring at an urban site","volume":"5","author":"Fuselli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Heal. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7520","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200501122","article-title":"Atmospheric Aerosols: Composition, Transformation, Climate and Health Effects","volume":"44","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2014.08.012","article-title":"Mesoporous manganese oxides prepared by solution combustion synthesis as catalysts for the total oxidation of VOCs","volume":"163","author":"Piumetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"2027","article-title":"Biofiltration: A promising and cost-effective control technology for Odors, VOCs and air toxics","volume":"32","author":"Wani","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Heal. Part A Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2005.10.011","article-title":"A new efficient absorption liquid to treat exhaust air loaded with toluene","volume":"115","author":"Heymes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2010.11.095","article-title":"Removal of odourous VOCs using sludge-based adsorbents","volume":"166","author":"Anfruns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1021\/ie00045a020","article-title":"Liquid-Phase Adsorption of Organic Compounds by Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Carbon Fibers","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(99)00140-6","article-title":"Evaluation of V2O5\u2013WO3\u2013TiO2 and alternative SCR catalysts in the abatement of VOCs","volume":"53","author":"Busca","year":"1999","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2005.04.007","article-title":"Plasma-assisted catalysis for volatile organic compounds abatement","volume":"61","author":"Magureanu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.1991.10466898","article-title":"Biofiltration-an innovative air pollution control technology for H2S emissions","volume":"41","author":"Leson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3886(02)00179-1","article-title":"Non-thermal plasma processing for environmental protection: decomposition of dilute VOCs in air","volume":"57","author":"Oda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Electrost."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.07.050","article-title":"Assessment and optimisation of VOC mass transfer enhancement by advanced oxidation process in a compact wet scrubber","volume":"77","author":"Biard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2007.06.047","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organics on TiO2 embedded glass spherules","volume":"129","author":"Tsoukleris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-3373(97)00012-X","article-title":"Photocatalytic destruction of VOCs in the gas-phase using titanium dioxide","volume":"14","author":"Alberici","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2013.09.027","article-title":"A new photocatalytic tool in VOCs abatement: Effective synergetic combination of sonication and light for the synthesis of monometallic palladium-containing TiO2","volume":"147","author":"Colmenares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2011.09.115","article-title":"Studies on the activity and deactivation of novel optimized TiO2 nanoparticles for the abatement of VOCs","volume":"175","author":"Abbas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2010.11.061","article-title":"Investigation of the performance of TiO2 photocatalytic coatings","volume":"167","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2006.01.014","article-title":"Removal of VOCs by photocatalysis process using adsorption enhanced TiO2\u2013SiO2 catalyst","volume":"45","author":"Zou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Process. Process. Intensif."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freyria, F., Compagnoni, M., Ditaranto, N., Rossetti, I., Piumetti, M., Ramis, G., and Bonelli, B. (2017). Pure and Fe-Doped Mesoporous Titania Catalyse the Oxidation of Acid Orange 7 by H2O2 under Different Illumination Conditions: Fe Doping Improves Photocatalytic Activity under Simulated Solar Light. Catalysts, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/catal7070213"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1039\/B909930A","article-title":"(Max) Titania-based photocatalysts\u2014crystal growth, doping and heterostructuring","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CY00006D","article-title":"Solar photocatalysis for water disinfection: materials and reactor design","volume":"4","author":"Keane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20204","DOI":"10.1021\/jp047917v","article-title":"Structure and photocatalytic activity of Ti1\u2212xMxO2\u00d7\u03b4 (M = W, V, Ce, Zr, Fe, and Cu) synthesized by solution combustion method","volume":"108","author":"Nagaveni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2005.01.041","article-title":"The effect of calcination temperature on the adsorption of nitric oxide on Au-TiO2: Drifts studies","volume":"291","author":"Debeila","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A Gen."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.1021\/cm301704u","article-title":"Activation of lattice oxygen of TiO2 by Pd2+ ion: Correlation of low-temperature CO and hydrocarbon oxidation with structure of Ti1\u2212xPdxO2\u2212x (x = 0.01\u20130.03)","volume":"24","author":"Mukri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2004.01.008","article-title":"Characterization of Fe\u2013TiO2 photocatalysts synthesized by hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic reactivity for photodegradation of XRG dye diluted in water","volume":"216","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4283","DOI":"10.1021\/cm070212w","article-title":"Influence of Structural and Surface Characteristics of Ti1\u2212xZrxO2 Nanoparticles on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylcyclohexane in the Gas Phase","volume":"19","author":"Coronado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.06.127","article-title":"MoS2 nanoparticle precipitation in turbulent micromixers","volume":"207","author":"Santillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1039\/b306845e","article-title":"Improved photocatalytic activity of Sn4+ doped TiO2 nanoparticulate films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition","volume":"28","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v16i5.287","article-title":"Bringing life to learning: immersive experiential learning simulations for online and blended courses","volume":"16","author":"Watkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Online Learn."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1006\/jcat.2002.3539","article-title":"The Preparation, Characterization, and their Photocatalytic Activities of Rare-Earth-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles","volume":"207","author":"Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-6030(98)00452-3","article-title":"The influence of transition metal doping on the physical and photocatalytic properties of titania","volume":"121","author":"Wilke","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2017.11.028","article-title":"Hierarchical nano ZnO-micro TiO2 composites: High UV protection yield lowering photodegradation in sunscreens","volume":"44","author":"Reinosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1021\/nl034332o","article-title":"Enhanced Nitrogen Doping in TiO2 Nanoparticles","volume":"3","author":"Burda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2004.02.007","article-title":"A visible-light response vanadium-doped titania nanocatalyst by sol\u2013gel method","volume":"163","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2007.03.016","article-title":"Photocatalytic properties of phosphor-doped titania nanoparticles","volume":"75","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2014.07.010","article-title":"Visible light activity of rare earth metal doped (Er3+, Yb3+ or Er3+\/Yb3+) titania photocatalysts","volume":"163","author":"Grzyb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2010.06.047","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous-TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of chloro-phenol","volume":"45","author":"Shamaila","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2013.11.013","article-title":"Fe- and V-doped mesoporous titania prepared by direct synthesis: Characterization and role in the oxidation of AO7 by H2O2 in the dark","volume":"227","author":"Piumetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4622","DOI":"10.1021\/am405510a","article-title":"Structure of Nitrogen and Zirconium Co-Doped Titania with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2008.07.022","article-title":"High temperature stable mesoporous anatase TiO2 photocatalyst achieved by silica addition","volume":"349","author":"Periyat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A Gen."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10078","DOI":"10.1039\/b908686b","article-title":"Synergistic effect between anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles in dye-sensitized solar cells","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20382","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP02201G","article-title":"New understanding of the difference of photocatalytic activity among anatase, rutile and brookite TiO2","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.532","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation for environmental applications\u2014A review","volume":"77","author":"Bhatkhande","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-013-0150-y","article-title":"Investigations of Structure Sensitivity in Heterogeneous Catalysis: From Single Crystals to Monodisperse Nanoparticles","volume":"56","author":"Musselwhite","year":"2013","journal-title":"Top. Catal."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1021\/ar800022m","article-title":"Complementary Structure Sensitive and Insensitive Catalytic Relationships","volume":"42","year":"2009","journal-title":"Accounts Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with imageJ","volume":"11","author":"Ram","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophotonics Int."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briggs, D. (1981). Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy CD Wanger, WM Riggs, LE Davis, JF Moulder and GE Muilenberg Perkin-Elmer Corp., Physical Electronics Division, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, USA, 1979. 190 pp. $195. Surf. Interface Anal., 3.","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.740030412"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6090(99)00722-1","article-title":"Nanocrystalline TiO2 studied by optical, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: correlation to presence of surface states","volume":"358","author":"Kumar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2006.07.009","article-title":"Microstructure and environmental functionalities of TiO2-supported photocatalysts obtained by suspension plasma spraying","volume":"68","author":"Toma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.02.035","article-title":"N-Doped SiO2\/TiO2 mesoporous nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation","volume":"72","author":"Hou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2003.11.014","article-title":"Synergistic effect of silent discharge plasma and catalysts on benzene decomposition","volume":"89","author":"Futamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2010.10.040","article-title":"Photocatalytic abatement of VOCs by novel optimized TiO2 nanoparticles","volume":"166","author":"Hussain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Mott, N.F., and Davis, E.A. (2012). Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1021\/jp962702+","article-title":"Photocatalytic Activity of Amorphous\u2212Anatase Mixture of Titanium(IV) Oxide Particles Suspended in Aqueous Solutions","volume":"101","author":"Ohtani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-6030(99)00132-X","article-title":"Anatase-phase titania: preparation by embedding silica and photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of trichloroethylene","volume":"127","author":"Jung","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2008.01.035","article-title":"Effects of reaction medium and crystallite size on Ti3+ surface defects in titanium dioxide nanoparticles prepared by solvothermal method","volume":"9","author":"Sirisuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Catal. Commun."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/12\/13\/2121\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:02:56Z","timestamp":1760187776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/12\/13\/2121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ma12132121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12132121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]}}}