{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:33:25Z","timestamp":1790624005812,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special project of science and technology innovation of social undertakings and people's livelihood guarantee in Chongqing","award":["cstc2017shmsA0727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2017shmsA0727"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Mountain Road Construction and Maintenance Technology","award":["CQMRCM-10-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQMRCM-10-3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201706560034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201706560034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Semi-Flexible Water Retaining Pavement (SFWRP) has the capability to cool down the temperature of the road surface through its evaporation behavior, including absorbing and evaporating water; this is an efficient approach to relieve the heat island effect in a big city. The temperature feedback from different material surface were investigated in this paper in the same test condition, it has been proved that the SFWRP material can remarkably cool down the temperature of the road surface. The mechanism of the material evaporation behavior, including flux calculation formula of the water vapor inside the air void, were studied by inter-phase continuous function, in which the structural properties of the SFWRP material was taken into account. Furthermore, the function calculating the evaporation of the water vapor was then developed in this research through heat and mass transfer analogy. Besides, the calculating results can be captured by the self-coding program in Finite Element Modeling (FEM) for water evaporation simulation. Also, the results of laboratory tests were adopted to validate the calculating model. Finally, it has been proved that the mortar was recommended to be used in semi-flexible water retaining pavement to serve as material with permeable and water retaining property, and the semi-flexible water retaining pavement material is recommended to applied in the surface layer of the permeable pavement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12162546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T11:11:31Z","timestamp":1565349091000},"page":"2546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Investigation on the Cooling and Evaporation Behavior of Semi-Flexible Water Retaining Pavement based on Laboratory Test and Thermal-Mass Coupling Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4257-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Nan\u2019an, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8753-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chonghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Highway Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Street 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany"},{"name":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuhua","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Nan\u2019an, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiulei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Nan\u2019an, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hainian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqing","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Traffic Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2015.10.007","article-title":"Vulnerability to heat waves: Impact of urban expansion scenarios on urban heat island and heat stress in Paris (France)","volume":"14","author":"Lemonsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.015","article-title":"Micromechanical model for asphalt mixture coupling inter-particle effect and imperfect interface","volume":"148","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. 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