{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:44:01Z","timestamp":1793166241154,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rostock University Medical Center","award":["889061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["889061"]}]},{"name":"AFOR Foundation","award":["896123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["896123"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In aseptic loosening of endoprosthetic implants, metal particles, as well as their corrosion products, have been shown to elicit a biological response. Due to different metal alloy components, the response may vary depending on the nature of the released corrosion product. Our study aimed to compare the biological effects of different ions released from metal alloys. In order to mimic the corrosion products, different metal salts (CoCl2, NiCl2 and CrCl3 \u00d7 6H2O) were dissolved and allowed to equilibrate. Human osteoblasts were incubated with concentrations of 10 \u00b5M to 500 \u00b5M metal salt solutions under cell culture conditions, whereas untreated cells served as negative controls. Cells exposed to CoCr28Mo6 particles served as positive controls. The cell activity and expression of osteogenic differentiation and pro-osteolytic mediators were determined. Osteoblastic activity revealed concentration- and material-dependent influences. Collagen 1 synthesis was reduced after treatment with Co(2+) and Ni(2+). Additionally, exposure to these ions (500 \u00b5M) resulted in significantly reduced OPG protein synthesis, whereas RANKL as well as IL-6 and IL-8 secretion were increased. TLR4 mRNA was significantly induced by Co(2+) and CoCr28Mo6 particles. The results demonstrate the pro-osteolytic capacity of metal ions in osteoblasts. Compared to CoCr28Mo6 particles, the results indicated that metal ions intervene much earlier in inflammatory processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12172771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T11:23:18Z","timestamp":1566991398000},"page":"2771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Analysis of Cellular Activity and Induction of Inflammation in Response to Short-Term Exposure to Cobalt and Chromium Ions in Mature Human Osteoblasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anika","family":"Jonitz-Heincke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Luise","family":"Sellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anika","family":"Seyfarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6575-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Mueller-Hilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6717-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Klinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.02.027","article-title":"Potential release of in vivo trace metals from metallic medical implants in the human body: From ions to nanoparticles\u2014A systematic analytical review","volume":"10","author":"Matusiewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"The effects on bone cells of metal ions released from orthopaedic implants: A review","volume":"10","author":"Sansone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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