{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:39:33Z","timestamp":1790041173690,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zeolite nanocrystals were used as proactive agents to extend the lifetime of commercial lubricants by protecting the performance additives from depletion and adsorbing the acid formed during oxidation. The nanosized zeolites were introduced into four lubricants and subjected to oxidation (90 \u00b0C and 150 \u00b0C). A strong affinity towards protection of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive was demonstrated by 31P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and FTIR (fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy even after heating at 150 \u00b0C for 24 h. FTIR profiles of lubricants aged in the presence of LTL (Linde Type L zeolite) showed lower oxidation degree while the formed oxidation products (aldehydes, ketones, and acids) were adsorbed on the zeolite crystals acting as scavengers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12172830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T03:06:14Z","timestamp":1567479974000},"page":"2830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Zeolite Nanocrystals Protect the Performance of Organic Additives and Adsorb Acid Compounds during Lubricants Oxidation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6925-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moussa","family":"Zaarour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"El Siblani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Arnault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sogefi Group, Parc Ariane IV, 7 Avenue du 8 mai 1945, 78286 Guyancourt CEDEX, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Boullay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, CRISMAT, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Mintova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1039\/b202272a","article-title":"Green lubricants. Environmental benefits and impacts of lubrication","volume":"4","author":"Boyde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1039\/c1gc15367f","article-title":"Nanosized molecular sieves utilized as an environmentally friendly alternative to antioxidants for lubricant oils","volume":"13","author":"Majano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC04021D","article-title":"In situ fabrication of carbon dots-based lubricants using a facile ultrasonic approach","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3390\/lubricants2040206","article-title":"Modeling and Forecasting of Depletion of Additives in Car Engine Oils Using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fast Transform Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":"2","author":"Nguele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lubricants"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3390\/lubricants1040132","article-title":"Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters and Metal Thiophosphates as Lubricant Additives","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lubricants"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"309","article-title":"Shear stability of polymers used as viscosity modifiers in lubricating oils","volume":"5","author":"Ghosh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J. Chem. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Schrive, L., Sarrade, S., and Gourgouillon, D. (2000). Method for treating an oil using a liquid in a supercritical state. (WO2000\/052118A1), PCT Pat. Appl."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2017.01.013","article-title":"A study of the tribological behaviour of TiO2 nano-additive water-based lubricants","volume":"109","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tribol. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H., Zhao, J., Luo, L., Huang, S., Wang, L., Zhang, S., Jiao, S., Huang, H., and Jiang, Z. (2018). Performance Evaluation and Lubrication Mechanism of Water-Based Nanolubricants Containing Nano-TiO2 in Hot Steel Rolling. Lubricants, 6.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201805.0305.v1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2012.10.024","article-title":"Tribological properties of lubricant additives of Fe, Cu and Co nanoparticles","volume":"60","author":"Padgurskas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tribol. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2007.12.056","article-title":"Tribological property of onion-like fullerenes as lubricant additive","volume":"62","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13213","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm10903k","article-title":"In situ de-agglomeration and surface functionalization of detonation nanodiamond, with the polymer used as an additive in lubricant oil","volume":"21","author":"Hsin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200301640","article-title":"Fullerene-like WS2 Nanoparticles: Superior Lubricants for Harsh Conditions","volume":"15","author":"Rapoport","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Morishita, H., Saito, Y., Fukutomi, I., Murakami, M., Miyasaka, K., Ohmiya, Y., Moritani, H., Tohyama, M., and Tatsuda, N. (2015). Oil Degradation Prevention Device. (2015\/0083655 A1), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Ohmiya, Y., Tohyama, M., Moritani, H., Tatsuda, N., Yano, K., Harada, K., Fukutomi, I., Murakami, M., Inami, N., and Koike, R. (2012). Material for Trapping Target Substance, Filter for Trapping Target Substance, Container for Liquid Organic Compound, and Engine Oil. (2012\/0312731 A1), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Lockledge, S.P., and Brownawell, D.W. (2009). Oil Filters Containing Strong Base and Methods of Their Use. (WO2009\/099882 A2), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Klein, M., Vaillant, C., Amirnasr, E., Gohl, P., Ahuja, R., and Desjardins, M. (2016). Filter, Filter Element, and Filter Housing. (2016\/0354714 A1), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Lockledge, S.P., and Brownawell, D.W. (2006). Materals and Processes for Reducing Combustion By-Products in a Lubrication System for an Internal Combuston Engine. (2006\/0260874 A1), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8939","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200700569","article-title":"Proton activity inside the channels of zeolite L.","volume":"13","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. A Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2013.08.014","article-title":"Progress in zeolite synthesis promotes advanced applications","volume":"189","author":"Zaarour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7207","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00210A","article-title":"Nanosized microporous crystals: Emerging applications","volume":"44","author":"Mintova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2015.06.032","article-title":"Zeolite nanoparticles as effective antioxidant additive for the preservation of palm oil-based lubricant","volume":"58","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-015-0956-6","article-title":"Effect of Extra-Framework Cations of LTL Nanozeolites to Inhibit Oil Oxidation","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4655","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b00380","article-title":"Inhibition of palm oil oxidation by zeolite nanocrystals","volume":"63","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10572","DOI":"10.1021\/jp101635p","article-title":"Interactions, behavior, and stability of fluorenone inside zeolite nanochannels","volume":"114","author":"Fois","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.10.025","article-title":"Mineral oil regeneration using selective molecular sieves as sorbents","volume":"78","author":"Majano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tx50023c","article-title":"Corona protein composition and cytotoxicity evaluation of ultra-small zeolites synthesized from template free precursor suspensions","volume":"2","author":"Laurent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res. (Camb)"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"00073","article-title":"Infrared Spectroscopy Technique for Differentiation of Genuine and Counterfeit Engine Oil\u2014A Forensic Aspect","volume":"3","author":"Joshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"MOJ Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.07.011","article-title":"Synthesis of modified CeO2 nanoparticles highly stabilized in organic solvent using higee technology","volume":"304","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"230","article-title":"The degradation of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate additives in fully formulated engine oil as studied by P-31 NMR spectroscopy","volume":"50","author":"Peng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lubr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702844555250","article-title":"Characterization of Lubricants Using 31P Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","volume":"38","author":"Marshall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12202","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.5b04515","article-title":"Chemical Modification of Polyisobutylene Succinimide Dispersants and Characterization of Their Associative Properties","volume":"119","author":"Pirouz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/12\/17\/2830\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:16:14Z","timestamp":1760188574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/12\/17\/2830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ma12172830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12172830","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]}}}