{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T01:40:54Z","timestamp":1780710054289,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physical and chemical characterization of the solid-state properties of drugs and excipients is fundamental for planning new formulations and developing new strategies for the treatment of diseases. Techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are among the most commonly used techniques for these purposes. Penciclovir and lysine are individually used to treat the herpes virus. As such, the development of a formulation containing both drugs may have therapeutic potential. Solid-state characterization showed that both penciclovir and lysine were crystalline materials with melting points at 278.27 \u00b0C and 260.91 \u00b0C, respectively. Compatibility studies of penciclovir and lysine indicated a possible interaction between these substances, as evidenced by a single melting point at 253.10 \u00b0C. The compatibility of several excipients, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, cetostearyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulphate, di-tert-butyl methyl phenol, liquid petrolatum, methylparaben, nonionic wax, paraffin, propylene glycol, and propylparaben, was evaluated in ternary (penciclovir-lysine-excipient) mixtures (1:1:1, w\/w\/w) to determine the optimal formulation. The developed formulation was stable under accelerated and ambient conditions, which demonstrated that the interaction between penciclovir and lysine was suitable for the development of a formulation containing both drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12193154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T11:14:35Z","timestamp":1569582875000},"page":"3154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Solid-State Characterization and Compatibility Studies of Penciclovir, Lysine Hydrochloride, and Pharmaceutical Excipients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rafaela Z. C.","family":"Meira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste\/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR 85040-080, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3367-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela F. B.","family":"Biscaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste\/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR 85040-080, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste\/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR 85040-080, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio S.","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Av. Prefeito Loth\u00e1rio Meissner, 632, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Curitiba, PR 80210-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa S.","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste\/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR 85040-080, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0466-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo R.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste\/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR 85040-080, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/095632029300400201","article-title":"Famciclovir and Penciclovir. 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