{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:51:27Z","timestamp":1790502687129,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infrared (IR) thermography technology is one of the leading non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques based on infrared detection. Infrared thermography, in particular, has the advantage of not only being used in non-contact mode but also provides full images, real-time inspection, and relatively fast results. These advantages make it possible to perform thermal imaging analysis of railway materials and\/or components, such as brake disc simulation, monitoring of abnormal heat generation, and monitoring of temperature changes, during mechanical tests. This study introduces the current state of research on railway materials and\/or components using IR thermography technology. An attempt was made to characterize the deterioration of electrical equipment of diesel electric locomotives using infrared thermal imaging techniques. In addition, surface temperature monitoring was performed during tensile testing of railway steels using a high-speed infrared camera. Damage evolution due to the hot spot generation of railway brake discs was successfully monitored using high-speed IR cameras. In this paper, IR thermal imaging technology, used as a non-destructive evaluation analysis in the railway field, was introduced, and the results of recent research are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12244077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T10:41:44Z","timestamp":1575628904000},"page":"4077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Non-Destructive Characterization of Railway Materials and Components with Infrared Thermography Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jeongguk","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Railroad Vehicle Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mix, P.E. (2005). Introduction to Nondestructive Testing. A Training Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471719145"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Vollmer, M., and Mollmann, K.P. (2018). Infrared Thermal Imaging. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.353-358.2585","article-title":"Precision Diagnosis of Electric Multiple Units for Performance Evaluation","volume":"353\u2013358","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.297-300.1876","article-title":"Safety Diagnosis of Collided Subway Electric Multiple Units","volume":"297\u2013300","author":"Chung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"729","article-title":"Deterioration and Thermographic Analyses of Electrical Units in Diesel Locomotive","volume":"417\u2013418","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"317","article-title":"Analysis of Hot Spots Evolution on Brake Disc Using High-speed Infrared Camera","volume":"417\u2013418","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"397","article-title":"Analysis of Fracture Behavior in Polymer Matrix Composites by Infrared Thermography","volume":"452\u2013453","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Maldague, X.P.V. (2001). Nondestructive Testing Handbook: Infrared and Thermal Testing, ASNT, Inc."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"116","article-title":"Infrared Thermographic Monitoring for Failure Characterization in Railway Axle Materials","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Nondestruct. Test."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Hellier, C.J. (2001). Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Kim, J., and Lee, C.Y. (2013, January 25\u201327). Keeping Ahead of the Curve through the Sharing of Knowledge. Proceedings of the World Congress on Railway Research, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"597","article-title":"Infrared Thermographic Analysis of Railway Brake Disc during Braking","volume":"488\u2013489","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/12\/24\/4077\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:40:54Z","timestamp":1760190054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/12\/24\/4077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ma12244077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12244077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]}}}