{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T08:38:02Z","timestamp":1778575082464,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to evaluate changes of maxillary sinuses in growing subjects. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 146 patients were divided according to gender and age (6\u20138, 9\u201311, 12\u201314 years old). Left, right and total maxillary sinus volume (MSV-R, MSV-L, MSV-Tot) and surface (MSS-R, MSS-L, MSS-Tot), left and right linear maximum width (LMW-L, LMW-R), depth (LMD-R, LMD-L) and height (LMH-R, LMH-R) were calculated using Mimics Research 22. Kruskal\u2013Wallis Test and showed a statistically significant increase in both genders for all variables. Pairwise comparisons in females are always statistically significant in: LMH-R, LMH-R, MSS-Tot, MSV-Tot. All other variables showed a statistical significant increase between 9\u201311 and 12\u201314, and between 6\u20138 and 12\u201314 age groups, apart from LMSW-R, LMSW-L, LMSD-R, LMSD-L between 6\u20138 and 12\u201314 age groups. Pairwise comparisons in males are always and only statistically significant between 9\u201311 and 12\u201314, and between 6\u20138 and 12\u201314 groups. Symmetrical measurements (right and left) evaluated using Wilcoxon test retrieved no statistical significant difference. Comparisons between measurements on male and female subjects using Mann\u2013Whitney test showed a statistical significant difference in 6\u20138 years group in MSV-R, MSV-L and MSV-Tot, and in 12\u201314 age group in MSV-R, MSV-L, MSV-Tot, MSS-r, MSS-l, MSS-Tot, MSW-R, MSW-L, MSD-R, MSD-L. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) assessing inter-operator and intra-operator concordance retrieved excellent results for all variables. It appears that maxillary sinus growth resembles the differential peak of growth in male and female subjects. Sinuses starts to develop early in female subjects. However, in the first and last age group female sinuses are statistically significantly smaller compared to male ones. In male subjects, sinus growth occurs mainly between the second and third age group whilst in female subjects it starts between the first and second age group and continues between the second and the last. Sinus has a vertical development during the peak of growth, which is the main reason for its increase in volume.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13041007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T03:33:43Z","timestamp":1582515223000},"page":"1007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Changes in Growing Subjects: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Maspero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u0300 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Farronato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u0300 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bellincioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u0300 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Annibale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u0300 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Machetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u0300 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u0300 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-8327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Cavagnetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u0300 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2006.09.003","article-title":"Volumetric evaluation of the paranasal sinuses in normal subjects using computer tomography images: A stereological study","volume":"34","author":"Emirzeoglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70026-7","article-title":"The study of the maxillary sinus areas in different orthodontic malocclusions","volume":"102","author":"Oktay","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. 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