{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:50:16Z","timestamp":1790596216997,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["258043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["258043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Miguel Alem\u00e1n Vald\u00e9s","award":["S\/N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S\/N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sterilization processes of nanoparticles (NP) by autoclaving and filtration are two of the most utilized methods in the pharmaceutical industry but are not always a viable option. For this reason, the search for alternative options such as UV and gamma radiation is of interest. In this work, we evaluated both types of sterilization on two types of NP in solid state widely employed in the literature for biomedical applications, poly-(\u03b5-caprolactone) and poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid NP stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol. Physicochemical properties and cell viability were studied pre- and post-sterilization. The efficiency of irradiation sterilization was performed by a test of sterility using 1 \u00d7 108 CFU\/mL of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Microbiological monitoring revealed that both methods were sufficient for sterilization. After the UV irradiation sterilization (100 \u00b5J\/cm2), no substantial changes were observed in the physicochemical properties of the NP or in the interaction or morphology of human glial cells, though 5 and 10 kGy of gamma irradiation showed slight changes of NP size as well as a decrease in cell viability (from 100 \u00b5g\/mL of NP). At 5 kGy of radiation doses, the presence of trehalose as cryoprotectant reduces the cell damage with high concentrations of NP, but this did not occur at 10 kGy. Therefore, these methods could be highly effective and low-processing-time options for sterilizing NP for medical purposes. However, we suggest validating each NP system because these generally are of different polymer-composition systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13051090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1583205208000},"page":"1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Effect of UV and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization Processes in the Properties of Different Polymeric Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3281-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y. S.","family":"Tapia-Guerrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica (CENIAQ), Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Del Prado-Audelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli, Edo. de M\u00e9xico 54740, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. V.","family":"Borbolla-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica (CENIAQ), Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5145-2689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. M.","family":"Giraldo Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Edificio \u201cA\u201d 3er piso, Circuito Interior, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de Microscop\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Edificio \u201cA\u201d planta baja, Circuito Interior, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"Col\u00edn-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica (CENIAQ), Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda, (CENIAQ), Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico (CDMX) 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5980-0980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. A.","family":"Morales-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7940-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Leyva-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4399-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. J.","family":"Maga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica (CENIAQ), Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda, Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey-Campus, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bathia, S. (2016). Nanoparticles Types, Classification, Characterization, Fabrication Methods. 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