{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:46:34Z","timestamp":1788579994093,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current study, a new approach for surface modification and surface hardening of aluminum alloys is developed. The method is based on the logic of in-situ reinforcing FSP strategies. The novelty of the proposed process is the application of a bulk reinforcing metallic material instead of metallic powders. The FSP was carried out on aluminum alloy AA5083\u2014thick plates. A thin sheet of pure copper (cross-section 4 \u00d7 0.8 mm2) was placed in a machined groove on the upper surface of the aluminum plate, and both materials were FSPed together. Samples with one, two and three FSP passes were manufactured respectively. Results indicate that the copper thin sheet was successfully integrated in the AA5083 stir zone. By increasing the FSP passes, almost all copper was integrated in the stir zone, mainly in the form of coper-based micron-sized intermetallic particles, and secondly, by copper diffusion in the AA5083 matrix. Due to the presence of complex intermetallic compounds created by the high heat input and intense plastic deformation, the hardness inside the stir-zone was found highly increased from 77 to 138 HV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13061278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T12:22:51Z","timestamp":1584015771000},"page":"1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A New Approach in Surface Modification and Surface Hardening of Aluminum Alloys Using Friction Stir Process: Cu-Reinforced AA5083"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ioannis G.","family":"Papantoniou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3754-5202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelos P.","family":"Markopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0249-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios E.","family":"Manolakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glazoff, M.V., Khvan, A.V., Zolotorevsky, V.S., and Belov, N.A. 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