{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:16:20Z","timestamp":1779930980658,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]],"date-time":"2020-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206021-170768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206021-170768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lithography-based ceramics manufacturing (LCM) processes enable the sophisticated 3 dimensional (3D) shaping of ceramics by additive manufacturing (AM). The build-up occurs, like many other AM processes, layer by layer, and is initiated by light. The built-in digital mirror device (DMD) enables the specific exposure of desired pixels for every layer, giving as a consequence a first estimation of the printing resolution in the x and y axes. In this work, a commercial zirconia slurry and the CeraFab 7500, both from Lithoz GmbH (Vienna, Austria), were used to investigate the potential of reaching this resolution. The results showed that the precision of a part is strongly dependent on the applied exposure energy. Higher exposure energies resulted in oversized dimensions of a part, whereas too low energy was not able to guarantee the formation of a stable part. Furthermore, the investigation of the layer thickness showed that the applied exposure energy (mJ\/cm2) was acting in a volume, and the impact is visible in x, y, and z dimensions. The lowest applied exposure energy was 83 mJ\/cm2 and showed the most accurate results for a layer thickness of 25 \u03bcm. With this energy, holes and gaps smaller than 500 \u03bcm could be printed; however, the measurements differed significantly from the dimensions defined in the design. Holes and gaps larger than 500 \u03bcm showed deviations smaller than 50 \u03bcm from the design and could be printed reliably. The thinnest printable gaps were between 100 and 200 \u03bcm. Concerning the wall thickness, the experiments were conducted to a height of 1 cm. Taking into account the stability and deformation of the walls as well, the best results after sintering were achieved with thicknesses of 200\u2013300 \u03bcm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13061317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T08:20:44Z","timestamp":1584519644000},"page":"1317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Effects of the Layer Height and Exposure Energy on the Lateral Resolution of Zirconia Parts Printed by Lithography-Based Additive Manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9757-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5162-8269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Bienenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4605-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Borlaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Graule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics: A Review","volume":"5","author":"Deckers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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