{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T11:28:45Z","timestamp":1784978925854,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The influence of rare earth Ce on the deep stamping property of high-strength interstitial-free (IF) steel containing phosphorus was analyzed. After adding 120 kg ferrocerium alloy (Ce content is 10%) in the steel, the inclusion statistics and the two-dimensional morphology of the samples in the direction of 1\/4 thickness of slab and each rolling process were observed and compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). After the samples in each rolling process were treated by acid leaching, the three-dimensional morphology and components of the second phase precipitates were observed by SEM and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The microstructure of the sample was observed by optical microscope, and the grain size was compared. Meanwhile, the content and strength of the favorable texture were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the mechanical properties of the product were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The combination of rare earth Ce with activity O and S in steel had lower Gibbs free energy, and it was easy to generate CeAlO3, Ce2O2S, and Ce2O3. The inclusions size was obviously reduced, but the number of inclusions was increased after adding rare earth. The morphology of inclusions changed from chain and strip to spherical. The size of rare earth inclusions was mostly about 2\u20135 \u03bcm, distributed and dispersed, and their elastic modulus was close to that of steel matrix, which was conducive to improving the structure continuity of steel. (2) The rare earth compound had a high melting point. As a heterogeneous nucleation point, the nucleation rate was increased and the solidification structure was refined. The grade of grain size of products was increased by 1.5 grades, which is helpful to improve the strength and plasticity of metal. (3) Rare earth Ce can inhibit the segregation of P element at the grain boundary and the precipitation of Fe(Nb+Ti)P phase. It can effectively increase the solid solution amount of P element in steel, improve the solid solution strengthening effect of P element in high-strength IF steel, and obtain a large proportion of {111} favorable texture, which is conducive to improving the stamping formability index r90 value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13061473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T07:16:08Z","timestamp":1585034168000},"page":"1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effect of Rare Earth Ce on Deep Stamping Properties of High-Strength Interstitial-Free Steel Containing Phosphorus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research &amp; Development, Baotou 014010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research &amp; Development, Baotou 014010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research &amp; Development, Baotou 014010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research &amp; Development, Baotou 014010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Center of Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Steel Products Research &amp; Development, Baotou 014010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s12613-015-1192-x","article-title":"Coordinated control of carbon and oxygen for ultra-low-carbon interstitial-free steel in a smelting process","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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