{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:08:22Z","timestamp":1768828102675,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007654","name":"Ministerstvo Dopravy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.1.05\/2.1.00\/03.0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.1.05\/2.1.00\/03.0064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the testing of effectiveness and behavior of dowels placed in transversal joints of concrete pavements, while focusing on dimensions and quality of commonly used materials. The analysis uses experimental tests in laboratory conditions which were performed independently in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. The comparison of quality as well as potential use of alternative materials of dowels is made with the use of developed tests focusing on main requirements, such as longitudinal displacement in cement concrete, resistance of coating to damage, and reduced potential to concrete damage. Furthermore, the paper describes and compares loading results of the relative concrete deformations around dowels by strain gauges that were analyzed. Results of deformations on beams with an inserted dowel and the findings that were observed during the measurement are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13102343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T10:37:38Z","timestamp":1589971058000},"page":"2343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Experimental Laboratory Testing on Behavior of Dowels in Concrete Pavements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zuzulova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transportation Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 810 05 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1407-8119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiri","family":"Grosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Infrastructure Department, Transport Research Centre\u2212CDV, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2588-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Janku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Infrastructure Department, Transport Research Centre\u2212CDV, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"AASHTO (1993). Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Zienkiewicz, O., and Taylor, R. (1994). The Finite Element Method, Fourth Edition; Volume 1: Basic Formulation and Linear Problems, McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"845","article-title":"Analysis of stresses in concrete pavement under a dowel according to its diameter and load transfer efficiency","volume":"42","author":"Mackiewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Transp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1061\/TPEJAN.0000428","article-title":"Finite element analysis of slabs on elastic solids","volume":"100","author":"Huang","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Transp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Tabatabai, A.M., and Barenberg, E.J. (1978). Finite-Element Analysis of Jointed or Cracked Concrete Pavements, TRB. 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Evaluation of Alignment Tolerances for Dowels and Their Effects on Joint Performance, Michigan State University."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Shoukry, S.N., William, G.W., and Riad, M. (2004, January 2\u20134). Application of LS-DYNA in Identifying Critical Stresses Around Dowels. Proceedings of the 8th International LS-DYNA Users Conference, Detroit, MI, USA."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Li, L., Tan, Y., Gong, X., and Li, Y. (2012, January 8\u201312). Characterization of Contact Stresses between Dowels and Surrounding Concrete in Jointed Concrete Pavement. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Concrete Pavements, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"NCC (2011). Recommendations for Standardization of Dowel Load Transfer Systems for Jointed Concrete Roadway Pavements, Iowa State University."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"NCHRP (2009). 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Concrete Pavements\u2014Part 3: Specification for Dowels to Be Used in Concrete Pavements, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"EN ISO 15630\u2013v1 (2020). Steel for the Reinforcement and Prestressing of Concrete\u2013Test Methods\u2013Part 1: Reinforcing Bars, Rods and Wire, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"EN 10060 (2004). Hot Rolled Round Steel Bars for General Purposes\u2013Dimensions and Tolerances on Shape and Dimensions, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"\u010cSN EN 933\u20131 (2012). Tests for Geometrical Properties of Aggregates\u2013Part 1: Determination of Particle Size Distribution\u2013Sieving Method, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"\u010cSN EN 12350\u20132 (2009). Testing Fresh Concrete\u2013Part 2: Slump-Test, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"\u010cSN EN 12350\u20137 (2009). Testing Fresh Concrete\u2013Part 7: Air Content\u2013Pressure Methods, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"\u010cSN EN 12390\u20133 (2019). Testing Hardened Concrete\u2013Part 3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"\u010cSN EN 12390\u20136 (2010). 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Effectiveness of Dowels in Concrete Pavement. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12101669"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"FHWA-HRT-06-106 (2009). Design and Evaluation of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement with Fiber Reinforced Polymer Dowels."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/10\/2343\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:30:32Z","timestamp":1760175032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/10\/2343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ma13102343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma13102343","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]}}}