{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T15:40:15Z","timestamp":1786808415143,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-2218-E-006-054-MY3 and 108-2811-E-006-535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-2218-E-006-054-MY3 and 108-2811-E-006-535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In repairing or replacing damaged bones, a dual concentric porous titanium scaffold (P-Tix-y) has emerged as a promising bio-mimic design. Herein, various P-Tix-y were made and sintered with relatively dense (x = 10, 20, or 30% porosity) and loose (y = 45, 55, or 65 porosity) structures. Firstly, NaCl was used as the pore-forming additive and followed by a hydrothermal removal method. The compressive strength of the as-formed P-Tix_y and surface morphology, nanomechanical property, and cells\u2019 affinity on the cross-sectioned surface of P-Tix_y (CP-Tix_y) were then characterized. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength of P-Ti10_45, P-Ti20_45, or P-Ti20_55 exhibits a relatively mild decline (e.g., in the range of 181 and 97 MPa, higher than the required value of 70 MPa) and suitable porosities for the intended structure. Nano-hardness on the solid surface of CP-Tix_y shows roughly consistent with that of CP-Ti (i.e., ~8.78 GPa), thus, the porous structure of CP-Tix_y remains mostly unaffected by the addition of NaCl and subsequent sintering process. Most of the surfaces of CP-Tix_y exhibit high fibroblast (L929) cell affinity with low cell mortality. Notably, in the hFOB 1.19 cell adhesion and proliferation test, CP-Ti20_55 and CP-Ti20_65 reveal high cell viability, most probably relating with the assembly of dual porosities with interconnected pores. Overall, the sample P-Ti20_55 provides a relatively load-bearable design with high cell affinity and is thus promising as a three-dimensional bio-scaffold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13153316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T04:39:50Z","timestamp":1595824790000},"page":"3316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biomimetic Design for a Dual Concentric Porous Titanium Scaffold with Appropriate Compressive Strength and Cells Affinity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiunn-Der","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan"},{"name":"International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Sheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Der","family":"Juang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-001-1006-1","article-title":"Shear strength and fatigue properties of human cortical bone determined from pure shear tests","volume":"69","author":"Turner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Calcif. 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