{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:38:02Z","timestamp":1783035482614,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to assess the photocatalytic (decompose staining particles, K\/S values, the color differences, CIE L*a*b* color) and antimicrobial properties of textiles modified with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) confirmed by X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, SEM-EDX) in visible light conditions. The antimicrobial effectiveness of modified textiles under model conditions has been reported against 5 microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger (AATCC Test Method 100-2004). In real conditions in bathrooms, significant biostatic activity was shown on the surface of the modified towels. The number of microorganisms decreased by 1\u20135 log to the level of 0\u20135 CFU\/cm2 in the case of bacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, the coli group and E. coli, Pseudomonas. Statistically significant reduction of the total number of bacteria and fungi (by 1 log), and the concentration of gases (NO2, CO2, CO) in the air of bathrooms was determined. The removal or reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration (SPME-GC-MS analysis) in the air above the modified towels has also been determined. It was found that the lighting type (natural, artificial), time (1.5 and 7 h\/day), air humidity (RH = 36\u201367%) and light intensity (81\u2013167 lux) are important for the efficiency of photocatalysis. Textile materials modified with TiO2 and ZnO NPs can be used as self-cleaning towels. They can also help purify air from microorganisms, VOCs and undesirable gases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13153334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T09:24:49Z","timestamp":1595841889000},"page":"3334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cotton Terry Textiles with Photo- and Bio-Activity in a Model Study and Real Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9523-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Gutarowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 171\/173, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6601-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Szulc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 171\/173, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2947-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Matyjas-Zgondek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Lodz University of Technology, \u017beromskiego 116, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kulpi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Lodz University of Technology, \u017beromskiego 116, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3107-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pielech-Przybylska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology Fermentation and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 171\/173, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ryga\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 171\/173, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Jachowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, W\u00f3lcza\u0144ska 171\/173, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugeniusz","family":"Rutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zwoltex Sp. Z O.O., Spacerowa 13, 98-220 Zdu\u0144ska Wola, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.504","article-title":"Even free radicals should follow some rules: A Guide to free radical research terminology and methodology","volume":"78","author":"Forman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Boil. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517514559583","article-title":"A review on the application of photocatalytic materials on textiles","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2871871","article-title":"Photocatalytic Disinfection of Indoor Air","volume":"119","author":"Goswami","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Sol. 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