{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:14:35Z","timestamp":1790381675278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Modern technologies designed to treat wastewater containing phosphorus compounds are based on the processes of adsorption and precipitation. In addition, more environmentally friendly and cheaper materials are being sought to ensure greater conformity with overarching assumptions of green chemistry and sustainable development. Against that background, this paper offers a review and analysis of available information on the considered reactive materials that have the capacity to remove phosphorus from wastewater. These materials are categorised as natural (with a sub-division in line with the dominant sorption groups of Al\/Fe or Ca\/Mg), waste, or man-made. Notably, most studies on sorbents have been carried out in laboratory systems via experimentation under static conditions. Among the natural materials, opoka has the highest sorption capacity of 181.20 g P\/kg, while red mud (in the waste material category) is most efficient at binding phosphorus with a level of 345.02 g P\/kg. Finally, among the group of commercial materials, Rockfos\u00ae has the highest sorption capacity of 256.40 g P\/kg. In addition, this paper recognises the effect of composition, pH, and physical properties on a reactive material\u2019s capacity to absorb phosphorus, as well as the possibility for further potential use in the production of fertilisers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13153377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T12:15:38Z","timestamp":1596111338000},"page":"3377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Reactive Materials in the Removal of Phosphorus Compounds from Wastewater\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5112-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Gubernat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"In\u017cynieria Rzesz\u00f3w S.A., ul. Podkarpacka 59a, 35-082 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3676-0031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Mas\u0142o\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3271-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Czarnota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6866-7432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Koszelnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wi\u0105ckowski, S. 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