{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:52:45Z","timestamp":1768589565360,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-coated \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate (\u03b2-TCP) with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) liquid activator (PLGA\/\u03b2-TCP) on alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction in dog mandible. Thirty-two extraction sites were prepared in eight dog mandibles. A distal root of the mandibular premolar was extracted and randomly grafted with one of the following bone substitutes: (1) PLGA\/\u03b2-TCP, (2) \u03b2-TCP, or (3) left empty as a control, and wounds were closed with keratinized mucosa graft. Post-operative wound healing was observed and scored to evaluate safety. After 12 and 24 weeks, the bone regeneration was evaluated with micro-computed tomography (CT) images and histomorphometric analyses. Gingival epithelization progressed over time without complication or infection. Micro-CT images and histological observation revealed that both PLGA\/\u03b2-TCP and \u03b2-TCP granules supported sufficient new bone formation. Although bone formation and substrate resorption were delayed slightly with the PLGA and the NMP-containing plasticizer as compared to those treated with conventional \u03b2-TCP, it can be concluded that the PLGA and the NMP-containing plasticizer that facilitated the in situ hardening properties of the material had no negative influence on the biocompatibility of the material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13163452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T15:13:18Z","timestamp":1596640398000},"page":"3452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid-Coated \u03b2-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute as a Graft Material for Ridge Preservation after Tooth Extraction in Dog Mandible: A Comparative Study with Conventional \u03b2-Tricalcium Phosphate Granules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9255-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takamitsu","family":"Koga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Imaki-ire General Hospital, Kagoshima 892-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Kumazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki 569-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Okimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki 569-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Zaitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki 569-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Umeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety Analysis R&D Promotion Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki 569-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Asahina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bone grafting: History, rationale, and selection of materials and techniques","volume":"35","author":"Horowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"313","article-title":"Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: A clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Schropp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01703.x","article-title":"Ridge alterations following tooth extraction with and without flap elevation: An experimental study in the dog","volume":"20","author":"Araujo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00185.x","article-title":"Alveolar ridge preservation and reconstruction","volume":"11","author":"Seibert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-14-00203","article-title":"Injectable bone substitute based on beta-TCP combined with a hyaluronan-containing hydrogel contributes to regeneration of a critical bone size defect towards Restitutio Ad Integrum","volume":"42","author":"Barbeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.4.375","article-title":"A new injectable calcium phosphate biomaterial for immediate bone filling of extraction sockets: A preliminary study in dogs","volume":"70","author":"Gauthier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.04.006","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of an injectable bone substitute in dental sockets demonstrated in a human clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Weiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"8","article-title":"A new syringe-delivered, moldable, alloplastic bone graft substitute","volume":"35","author":"Ruffieux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"11","article-title":"Extraction site preservation using an in-situ hardening alloplastic bone graft substitute","volume":"35","author":"Leventis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5406736","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5406736","article-title":"Minimally invasive alveolar ridge preservation utilizing an in situ hardening \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate bone substitute: A multicenter case series","volume":"2016","author":"Leventis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS1302429J","article-title":"Histological and morphometric aspects of ridge preservation with a moldable, in situ hardening bone graft substitute","volume":"65","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1902\/cap.2017.160092","article-title":"Evaluation of a poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid\u2013coated \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate bone substitute for alveolar ridge preservation: Case series","volume":"7","author":"Saito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Adv. Periodontics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12741","article-title":"Sinus floor elevation using particulate PLGA-coated biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft substitutes: A prospective histological and radiological study","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2016.0549","article-title":"Sinus floor augmentation comparing an in situ hardening biphasic calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite\/\u03b2-tricalcium Phosphate) bone graft substitute with a particulate biphasic calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite\/\u03b2-tricalcium phosphate) bone graft substitute: An experimental study in sheep","volume":"23","author":"Wildburger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part C Methods"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12900","article-title":"The effect of a flapless alveolar ridge preservation procedure with or without a xenograft on buccal bone crest remodeling compared by histomorphometric and microcomputed tomographic analysis","volume":"28","author":"Novaes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.1999.5.139","article-title":"Preadipocyte seeded PLGA scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Patrick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.03.005","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells attenuated PLGA-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting host DC maturation and function","volume":"53","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2007, April 20). 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 24. Available online: https:\/\/hpvchemicals.oecd.org\/ui\/handler.axd?id=84daa4ac-feb7-4b5a-9839-206d17914e42."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-006-0161-6","article-title":"Human experimental exposure study on the uptake and urinary elimination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) during simulated workplace conditions","volume":"81","author":"Bader","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0574","article-title":"Ridge preservation of extraction sockets with buccal bone deficiency using poly lactide-co-glycolide coated \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate bone grafts: An experimental study in dogs","volume":"90","author":"Okada","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01876.x","article-title":"\u03b2-tricalcium phosphate in the early phase of socket healing: An experimental study in the dog","volume":"21","author":"Liljenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.6399","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of hard tissue outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation","volume":"33","author":"Bassir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/16\/3452\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:54:36Z","timestamp":1760176476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/16\/3452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ma13163452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma13163452","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]}}}